STUDY ON NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS AS INFLUENCED BY DIFFERENT ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS UNDER GROUNDNUT-WHEAT CROPPING SEQUENCE ON TYPIC USTOCHREPTS
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Date
2016
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AAU, Anand
Abstract
The experiment was undertaken to study the effect of organic and inorganic treatments on yield, nutrients removal by crops and distribution of N, P and K fractions in soil under groundnut (cv. GG-20)-wheat (cv. GW-496) cropping sequence. In all, six treatments were studied comprising of three organics treatments viz. T1: 75% N (FYM) + 25% N (Vermicompost), T2: 50% N (FYM) + 50% N (Castor Cake),T3: 50% N (FYM) + 25% N (VC.) + Azotobactor/Rhizobium + PSB (Seed treatment (ST)) and three inorganic treatments viz. T4: NPK as per soil test value (STV), T5: RDF + 5 t FYM ha-1, T6: RDF + ZnSO4/Gypsum, which were applied to both the crops under factorial randomized block design keeping four replications.
The study was undertaken by utilizing on-going long term experiment on continuous cropping at AAU, Anand which commenced in 2006. The soil, plant and grain samples of year 2013 and 2014 were analysed for major nutrients and micronutrients concentration besides distribution of fractions of major nutrients in soil and their uptake were worked out. However, the data and related information of the year 2006 were utilized for comparison from the reports in the study.
The application of 50 % N (FYM) + 25 % N (V.C.) + Rhizobium + PSB (ST) (T3) had significant effect on haulm yield of groundnut whereas wheat grain
yield was significantly increased due to application of RDF-NPK as per STV (T4) over organic treatments viz., 75 % N (FYM) + 25 % N (V.C.) (T1) and 50 % N (FYM) + 25 % N (V.C.) + Azatobacter + PSB (ST) (T3) and it was increased by 21.44 and 13.11 per cent, respectively.
The increase in growth and yield attributes in groundnut were due to organic treatments though they were not significant, whereas in wheat, the increase was due to inorganic treatments and application of RDF-NPK as per STV (T4) was found to significantly increase test weight, whereas the continuous application of organics improved quality parameters like oil content in groundnut kernel and protein content in wheat grain.
There was no enhancement in major and micronutrient content in groundnut pod and haulm except N content in pod which was significantly higher due to application of 50% N (FYM) + 25% N (VC.) + Azotobactor/Rhizobium + PSB (Seed treatment (ST)) (T3) and P, Fe and Zn content in haulm which were significantly higher due to T1, T5 and T6 treatments, respectively. Similar results were found in wheat grain and straw content, where N content in wheat grain was the highest due to 75 % N (FYM) + 25 % N (V.C.) (T1), and S content due to RDF + 5 t FYM ha-1 (T5) treatments.
Application of 50% N (FYM) + 25% N (VC.) + Azotobactor/Rhizobium + PSB (Seed treatment (ST)) (T3) treatment significantly increased N uptake in groundnut pod but N uptake in groundnut haulm was significantly higher due to RDF + ZnSO4/Gypsum (T6) treatment than 75 % N (FYM) + 25 % N (V.C.) (T1) and RDF-NPK as per STV (T4) treatments. The inorganic fertilizer application significantly increased Fe uptake by haulm to the tune of 9.8 per cent over organics and 6.8 per cent increase was observed due to organics treatments in case of Zn uptake by haulm over inorganic treatments.
The inorganic treatments significantly increased P, K, S, Mn and Cu uptake by wheat grain to the tune of 9.7, 12.0, 10.5, 11.5 and 14 per cent, respectively and only S and Cu uptake by wheat straw was 9.0 and 25.0 per cent, over organics. The RDF + ZnSO4/Gypsum (T6) treatment significantly increased P and S uptake by wheat grain, RDF-NPK as per STV (T4) treatment significantly increase Mn uptake by both grain and straw.
The application of RDF + 5 t FYM ha-1 (T5) treatment increased available N in soil after wheat, but 50% N (FYM) + 50% N (Castor Cake) (T2) treatment significantly increased Fe in soil after groundnut and organic carbon content of soil after wheat harvest. The application of organics proved to be significantly higher than inorganic fertilizer application in case of available N, P2O5, K2O, Fe, Mn and organic carbon in soil, it also decreased EC and BD of soil and increased WHC.
Amongst different fractions, the application of 50% N (FYM) + 50% N (Castor Cake) (T2) proved significanlty higher in the fractions of N viz. NO3-N and NH4-N, fractions of P viz. Al-P, Ca-P, reductant-P, inorganic-P, organic P and total-P and fractions of K viz. exch.-K and tota-K. There was positive depletion in available-N, Fe-P, Al-P and all K fractions except exchangeable-K. Maximum depletion of 12.58 per cent was observed in WS-K followed by total-K (9.64 %) due to application of RDF + ZnSO4/Gypsum (T6) treatment. Organic application not only improved nutrient availability but also stabilized there soil dynamics except in K fractions.
The study indicated that application of 50% N (FYM) + 50% N (Castor Cake) (T2) proved to be better in balancing soil fractions. The use of organics improved groundnut haulm yield and availability of nutrients in soil. From the forgoing results, it could be concluded that to get the higher yields under groundnut – wheat sequence, nutrient supply through organics source alone not proved better over inorganics source but integrated nutrient source recorded higher yield. But the application of organics improved the nutrients uptake, quality of both crops; and physical properties, organic C status and also enriched organic-N & P and residual-K in soil which might help in maintaining soil health in sustainable manner.
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agriculture, soil science, agricultural chemistry, study