STUDIES ON DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING OF THORACIC CAVITY IN DOGS WITH SPECIAL REFRENCE TO RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
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Date
2012-10
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Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, TIRUPATI – 517 502,A.P
Abstract
ABSTRACT :
The present study was carried out for the diagnosis of thoracic diseases specially related to respiratory system with the use of imaging techniques. Out of 597 dogs presented to the college clinics 223 (37.35 %) dogs were found with some thoracic affection among which 106 (17.76%) cases were found to have respiratory involvement.
Incidence of respiratory affections were found highest in aged dogs 52 (49.1%) followed by adults 42 (39.6%) and young dogs 12 (11.3%). It was found that males were more affected compared to females.
Incidence among breed showed a statistics of highest in Mongrel dogs 42 (39.6%) followed by Pomeranian 28 (26.4%), German shepherd 12 (11.3%), Labrador retriever 10 (9.4%), Boxer 5 (4.7%), Great dane 4 (3.77%), Dalmatian 3 (2.83%) and least in Pug i.e. 2(1.89%).
Out of these 106 cases of respiratory ailments 31 (29.25%) dogs had pneumonia, 20 (18.87 %) animals were diagnosed with tracheobronchitis, 18 (16.98 %) had metastatic masses, 14 (13.21%) dogs diagnosed with pulmonary oedema, 9 (8.49%) had pleural effusion, 7 (6.6%) dogs diagnosed with pneumothorax, 5 (4.72 %) dogs had diaphragmatic hernia, and 2 (1.89 %) were diagnosed with tracheal narrowing.
On the basis of clinical signs cases were subjected to further diagnosis for the study. Radiography was used as the first technique to screen out respiratory ailments from the cardiac affections. It was useful in diagnosis of pneumonia, metastatic lesion, diaphragmatic hernia and pleural effusion.
Thoracic ultrasound was used further to confirm the radiological diagnosis and conditions like pneumonia, diaphragmatic hernia and pleural effusion etc.
Tracheobronchoscopy was also used additionally for confirmatory diagnosis of diseases like tracheitis and bronchitis which were difficult to diagnose through radiograph or ultrasound procedures.
Various blood parameters were evaluated; a marked neutrophilia, leukocytosis and lymphopenia were seen along with moderate monocytosis. There was no significant change observed in haemoglobin and total erythrocyte count but packed cell volumes were found elevated in diseased dogs. Total protein levels were also found significantly low in affected dogs and a mild hypoalbuminaemia were also seen. Bronchoalveolar lavage was also performed during tracheobronchoscopy and cytological interpretation was done for the fluid which showed increased number of neutrophils and degenaerated neutrophils in the samples. Antibiotic sensitivity test was also done with these samples and results were obtained against enrofloxacin with highest sensitivity followed by ciprofloxacin and least for cephalosporin.
Diagnosed cases were effectively treated with a combination of antibiotics, antihistaminics, corticosteroids, antipyretics and supportive therapy. Surgery was performed some cases where required.
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DOGS; RESPIRATORY SYSTEM; THORACIC CAVITY