IMPACT OF ELECTRONIC- NATIONAL AGRICULTURE MARKET (e-NAM) ON THE INCOME OF FARMERS IN RAIPUR AND DHAMTARI AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE MARKET COMMITTEES (APMCs) OF CHHATTISGARH
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Date
2018
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Publisher
Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidhyalaya, Raipur
Abstract
e- NAM was launched on 14 April 2016 to address and reverse the process of fragmentation of markets, ultimately lowering intermediation costs, wastage and prices for the final consumer.
The present study was undertaken with a view to examine the impact of e-NAM on the income of farmers in Raipur and Dhamtari APMCs of Chhattisgarh. The specific objectives of the study were: (i) To study the market profile andassess the status of e-NAM of selected APMCs in the study area. (ii) To examine the arrival and prices of major commodities before and after e-NAM in study area. (iii) To assess the impact of e-NAM on the income of farmers. (iv) To identify the constraints in e-NAM system and to suggest measures for improvement of the same.
The two APMCs that were sampled for the study purpose was Nawapara APMC, Raipur district which was unified with e-NAM during the first phase of unification and Dhamatari APMC, Dhamtari district which was unified during the second phase of unification. 75 farmers and 25 traders from both APMCs each were selected randomly. Primary data were collected using pre-tested schedule along with secondary data for the period of 2017-18.Tabular analysis,absolute change, relative change, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were estimated for thearrival, price of paddy and income of farmers and APMCs respectively,pre and post-unification with e-NAM. The constraints faced by farmers and traders in e-NAM were analysed using Garret Ranking technique.
The empirical findings of the study revealed thatNawapara and Dhamtari APMCsserved the population of around 125591 from 57 villagesand 249780 from 146 villagesrespectively. In both the selected APMCs, paddy was the only major commodity that was traded in the e-NAM auction. It was observed that the average daily arrival of paddy was more in Nawapara APMC (7340 Qtl) compared to Dhamtari APMC (3000 Qtl). Major source of income of these APMCs was market fee which was more than 90 % to the total income.The post-unification absolute change of monthly arrival of paddy in Nawapara APMC was 84301.73 Qtl and relative change of 75.08 per cent whereas, in Dhamtari APMC it was 129890.70 Qtl and 66.21 per cent, respectively. Theabsolute changeand relative change in modal price of paddy post-unification were observed to be Rs. 191.67 per quintal and 14.75 per cent respectively, in Nawapara APMC whereas, in case of Dhamtari APMC, it was Rs. 184.70per quintal and 13.19 per cent, respectively.The variation in terms of arrival, was more before unification in both the selected APMCs with 85.76 % CVin case of Nawapara APMC and 93.13 per cent in Dhamtari APMC compared to post-unification of e-NAM with 63.90 % CV and 70.01% CV, respectively.Whereas, in case of price, it was 7.76 % CV pre- unification and 5.68 % CV post-unification in Nawapara APMC and 6.35 % CV and 3.69 % CV respectively, in case of Dhamtari APMC. It was observed that most of the sampled farmers were coming to the Nawapara APMC for more than 5 years (41.33%) and inDhamtari APMC less than 5 years (46.67%). In Nawapara APMC, 57.33% of the sampled farmers participated in e-NAM trading for less than one year and in case of Dhamtari APMC 81.33% of the farmers joined with e-trading for less than 6 months due to it late unification i.e.on 8 April 2017. It was observed that the average quantity of paddy brought by e-NAM sellers in Nawapara APMC was 48.67 quintal and 56.99 quintal in the case of Dhamtari APMC. The overall average income received by the sampled farmers post e-NAM was Rs. 74371.67 and Rs. 89503.52 with an average absolute change of Rs. 7284.27 and Rs. 11358.81 in Nawapara and Dhamtari APMCs, respectively.It wasalso observed that the e-NAM sellers obtained higher price for paddy in post- unification with an average absolute change of Rs. 128.28per quintal in Nawapara APMC and it was Rs. 198.94per quintal in Dhamtari APMC.Inspite of this, majority of the sampled farmers preferred to trade their produce in the open auction as trading in the e-platform was time consuming and being computerised system, farmers were not much familiar with.The most important factors influencing farmers’ participation in e-NAM was observed to be remunerative price in case of Nawapara APMC and absence of middlemen in case of Dhamtari APMC. The study revealed that the major constraints faced by e-NAM sellers in sampled APMCs were time consuming in e-NAM auction,multiple visits to bank for payment,lack of awareness about e-NAM system and lack of understanding the displayed content.Based on the findings, the study suggested,organising awareness campaigns and training programme, significant enhancement of assaying and grading facilities, improved software and connectivity, visual display in local languages, 25 % to 50 % cash payment for immediate cash requirement of the e-NAM sellers and establishment of regulatory body for regulating the e-NAM system for its smooth functioning. Besides, the initial bidding price should be made higher thanprevious successful bid for real price discovery. Bidding time should also be increased for the improvement of e-NAM system.
Description
IMPACT OF ELECTRONIC- NATIONAL AGRICULTURE MARKET (e-NAM) ON THE INCOME OF FARMERS IN RAIPUR AND DHAMTARI AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE MARKET COMMITTEES (APMCs) OF CHHATTISGARH
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