Population dynamics and management strategies of rice yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Walker)
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Date
2012
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Rajendra Agricultural University
Abstract
In order to determine the population fluctuation and to develop ecologically sound and economically viable strategies for the management of rice yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Walker) for rice crop, different field experiments were conducted at the Research Farm, R.A.U., Pusa and in the Laboratory, Department of Entomology, R.A.U., Pusa during (kharif) 2010 and 2011. Results pertaining to different aspects of the study viz. to study the dynamics of pest species composition of rice stem borers, to ascertain the population dynamics and management of yellow stem borer with intervention of insect sex-pheromone trap, to study the effect of trap crop with main crop to minimize the damage caused by yellow stem borer, to evaluate the performance of different Integrated Pest Management (IPM) components for the management of yellow stem borer and to assess the efficacy of different insecticides against yellow stem borer have been abstracted below:
All the four species of stem borer of rice viz. yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker), pink stem borer, Sesamia inferens (Walker), white stem borer, Scirpophaga innotata (Walker) and dark headed striped borer, Chilo polychrysus (Meyrick) were prevalent during the crop season. However, yellow stem borer was found to be dominant over other species of stem borer and showed consistency with higher population (87.00 to 93.00, 82.50 to 89.00 and 85.00 to 91.50%) at all the stages of the crop growth viz. tillering, maximum tillering and heading stage during kharif, 2010 and 2011, respectively.
The yellow stem borer activity started from 30th standard week and continued upto 40th in the year 2010 and 41st standard week in the year 2011. In beginning, the moth population found to be low (1.25 in the year 2010 and 1.00 in the year 2011 moth catch per pheromone trap) which gradually increased and reached its first peak at 34th standard week (4th week of August) exhibited 6.25 in the year 2010 and 6.00 in the year 2011male moth catch per pheromone trap, which after short decline, again increased and attained its second peak at 37th standard week (2nd to 3rd week, September) with 10.75 to 11.00 male moth catch per pheromone trap in both the years, respectively. Finally, its population declined at 40th to 41st standard week with 0.50 to 1.25 moths per trap and thereafter, no population was recorded.
With abiotic parameters the relative humidity (%) at 14 hrs showed significantly positive correlation (0.564) in kharif, 2010 and positive but non-significant correlation (0.478) in kharif, 2011 with respect to male moth population of yellow stem borer. However, relative humidity (%) at 7 hrs showed positive but non-significant correlation (0.380) during kharif, 2010 and significantly negative correlation (-0.490) in kharif, 2011 with respect to male moth population of yellow stem borer. The sunshine (hr) showed significantly negative correlation (-0.549) in kharif, 2010 and negative but non-significant correlation (-0.132) in kharif, 2011 to the corresponding population of male moth. However, during kharif, 2010 and kharif, 2011 maximum and minimum temperature (0C) and rainfall (mm) were positively correlated (0.077, 0.281; 0.458, 0.406 and 0.361, 0.249), respectively with the population of male moth of yellow stem borer while evaporation (mm) pronounced negative and positive correlation (-0.065 and 0.333) with the population of male moth catch of yellow stem borer during kharif, 2010 and 2011, respectively. The cumulative effect (R2) of all the weather parameters was accounted for 40.60 to 47.90 per cent male moth population of Scirpophaga incertulas during two consecutive years of the study.
Further, the IPM package reduced the infestation to the tune of 4.14 to 4.26, 8.70 to 8.96, 9.23 to 9.39% DH and 9.40 to 9.44% WEH caused by rice yellow stem borer in respect to untreated control with 4.78 to 4.99, 23.55 to 23.97, 27.56 to 27.83% DH and 22.27 to 23.18% WEH at 15, 30, 50 and 90DAT, during kharif, 2010 and 2011 respectively. Moreover, IPM package gave higher yield (49.00 to 51.50 q/ha) as compared to the control (41.60 to 42.00 q/ha). It was also observed that net profit over the control was Rs. 8,200 to 15,450 with cost benefit ratio 1:1.88 to 1:2.66 with IPM package in both the years of study.
The combination treatment of main crop with trap crop and application of carbofuran 3G plus monocrotophos 36SL was found superior over all other treatments (7.34 to 7.49, 7.74 to 7.95 % DH and 7.54 to 7.85% WEH) at 30, 50 and 90 days after transplanting, respectively during kharif, 2010 and kharif, 2011, while combination treatment of main crop with application of carbofuran 3G plus monocrotophos 36SL was found at par with combination treatment of main crop with trap crop and application of carbofuran 3G, followed by combination treatment of main crop with trap crop in comparison to the control (23.96 to 24.96, 27.67 to 28.89% DH and 23.67 to 24.26% WEH) at 30, 50 and 90 days after transplanting during kharif, 2010 and kharif, 2011, respectively. However, combination treatment of main crop with trap crop and application of carbofuran 3G plus monocrotophos 36SL was found superior (61.80 to 62.91 q/ha) to all other treatments, while combination treatment of main crop with application of carbofuran 3G plus monocrotophos 36SL was found at par with combination treatment of main crop with trap crop plus application of carbofuran 3G, followed by combination treatment of main crop with trap crop as against the control (42.50 to 43.34 q/ha) during kharif, 2010 and kharif, 2011. Moreover, the maximum net profit over the control was obtained in combination treatment of main crop with trap crop plus application of carbofuran 3G and monocrotophos 36SL (Rs. 38848 to 43723) followed by combination treatment of main crop with application of carbofuran 3G plus monocrotophos 36SL, combination treatment of main crop with trap crop and application of carbofuran 3G and combination treatment of main crop with trap crop during kharif, 2010 and kharif, 2011 respectively. The maximum cost benefit ratio was pronounced by combination treatment of main crop with trap crop (1:32.03 to 1:39.53) followed by combination treatment of main crop with trap crop and application of carbofuran 3G, combination treatment of main crop with trap crop and application of carbofuran 3G and monocrotophos 36SL and combination treatment of main crop with application of carbofuran 3G and monocrotophos 36SL during both the years (kharif, 2010 and 2011) of observation.
The maximum protection was exhibited in treatment of chemical component (7.96 to 8.00, 8.37 to 8.39% DH and 7.93 to 8.00% WEH) followed by combination treatment of chemical and non-chemical component, farmer’s practice and treatment of non-chemical component as compared to the control (24.39 to 23.65, 27.80 to 28.16% DH and 22.17 to 22.60% WEH) at 30, 50 and 90 days after transplanting, respectively during kharif, 2010 and kharif, 2011. Further, with regard to higher yield production during kharif, 2010 and kharif, 2011, treatment of chemical component was found superior (54.00 to 54.60 q/ha) followed by combination treatment of chemical and non-chemical component, farmer’s practice and non-chemical component as against the control (42.00 to 42.60 q/ha). Moreover, the maximum net profit over the control was obtained from treatment of chemical component (Rs. 20780) followed by combination treatment of chemical and non-chemical component, farmer’s practice and treatment of non-chemical component during kharif, 2010 and kharif, 2011. However, the maximum cost benefit ratio was provided by treatment of chemical component (1:3.25) followed by farmer’s practice, combination treatment of chemical and non-chemical component and treatment of non-chemical component during kharif, 2010 and kharif, 2011 respectively.
Among the tested insecticides, fipronil (5SC) @ 25.0 g a.i./ha was found to be the best with low infestation (7.57 and 8.84% DH and 7.50% WEH in 2010 and 7.64 and 8.81% DH and 7.47% WEH in 2011) followed by acephate (95SG) @ 592 g/ha, acephate (75SP) @ 667 g/ha and carbofuran (3G) @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha as compared to the control (25.78 and 30.19% DH and 25.55% WEH in 2010 and 23.47 and 27.55% DH and 24.21% WEH in 2011) at 30, 50 and 90 days after transplanting, respectively. Further, Fipronil (5SC) @ 25.0 g a.i./ha resulted the higher yield (54.40 to 55.34 q/ha) followed by acephate (95SG) @ 592 g/ha and carbofuran (3G) @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha against untreated control (41.20 to 41.47 q/ha) during kharif, 2010 and kharif, 2011. Moreover, the maximum net profit over the control was contributed by fipronil (5SC) @ 25.0 g a.i./ha (Rs. 31490 to 33165) followed by acephate (95SG) @ 592 g/ha and carbofuran (3G) @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha, while maximum cost benefit ratio was recorded with fipronil (5SC) @ 25.0 g a.i./ha (1:21.85 to 1:22.96) followed by acephate (95SG) @ 592 g/ha in both the years during kharif, 2010 and kharif, 2011.
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Keywords
Rice, Yellow stem borer, Population dynamics, Management