IN VITRO DECONTAMINATION OF ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES FROM VEGETABLE SAMPLES
Loading...
Date
2016
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
AAU, Anand
Abstract
Vegetables are indispensable component of our day to day diet because of their high nutrition value. Green chilli, brinjal, okra and cauliflower are most commonly consumed vegetables which are cultivated throughout the country. The crop losses/damage due to insect, fungus, bacteria, weed etc. have been recorded as high as 60 – 70 %. The damage caused by various insect pests are fruit and shoot borer, jassids, aphids, leaf miner etc. In order to protect the crops from such pest damage, farmers predominantly rely on chemical pesticides.
Profenophos (O-4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl O-ethyl S-propyl phosphorohioate), triazophos (O, O-diethyl-O-1-phenyl-1H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl phosphorothioate), ethion (O,O,O′,O′-tetraethyl S,S′-methylene bis (phosphorodithioate) and acephate (O, S-dimethyl-acetyl-phosphoramido-thioate) are broad spectrum insecticides from organophosphate group having novel mode of action. All the four
II
insecticides are contact and widely used in India as well as other countries. Nonetheless, profenophos, triazophos, ethion and acephate are yet to be registered on chilli (except ethion), brinjal, okra and cauliflower in India.
Though, there is no label claim for profenophos, triazophos, ethion and acephate on green chilli (except ethion), brinjal, okra and cauliflower in India, monitoring of pesticides residues in fruits and vegetables has revealed presence of these insecticides. In spite of various awareness programmes carried out by the State Govt. and SAUs for farming community, situation is not improved and therefore only way out is to get rid of pesticides by developing effective, economical and household processes of decontamination. Therefore, the present study was taken up.
A study entitled ''In vitro decontamination of organophosphate pesticides from vegetable samples” was proposed to know the decontamination of profenophos, triazophos, ethion and acephate from vegetable samples under laboratory conditions with the following objectives.
1) To study the recovery of profenophos, triazophos, ethion and acephate from brinjal fruits as representative matrice.
2) To study decontamination of organophosphate pesticides by different household processing methods (washing, dipping, cooking and ozone treatment) in green chilli, okra, brinjal and cauliflower.
III
3) To study the effect of household treatments (washing, dipping, cooking and ozone treatment) on micronutrient contents (Fe, Mn, Cu & Zn) in vegetable samples (green chilli, okra, brinjal and cauliflower).
The experiment was carried out at All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR, Unit-9, Anand Agricultural University, Anand (Gujarat) during 2015 - 2016. Fresh vegetable fruits viz., brinjal, okra, green chilli and cauliflower, collected from control plots were treated with four organophosphate pesticides viz., triazophos, profenophos, ethion and acephate. Vegetables were dipped in 0.05 % mixture of four pesticides for 15 minutes and after uniform fortification vegetables were allowed to dry overnight at room temperature. The vegetables were then divided into eight equal lots and were subjected to different decontamination processes like dipping (in tap water, 2 % brine solution, ozonised water and 2 % KMnO4 solution), washing with running tap water and cooking (pressure cooker and microwave oven). Residues of profenophos, triazophos, ethion and acephate were estimated by a validated Gas Liquid Chromatography – Flam Photometric Detector (GLC-FPD) method and micronutrient analysis were estimated by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).
Decontamination of profenophos, triazophos, ethion and acephate form green chilli fruits was in the range of 33.82 – 58.58, 30.15 – 56.50, 32.08 – 64.23 and 21.14 – 45.95 %, respectively. Treatment T1 (dipping in 2 % KMnO4 solution for 10 min) for chilli fruits was observed
IV
significantly superior to rest of the treatments to decontaminate all the four pesticides in the range of 45.95 - 64.23 %. Treatment T7 (ozone treatment for 15 min) was observed the next best treatment for reduction of pesticide residues of profenophos, triazophos and ethion in the range 42.08 – 49.56 %, whereas T2 (dipping in 2 % brine solution for 10 min) was next best treatment for reduction of acephate residues upto 35.11 %.
Decontamination of profenophos, triazophos, ethion and acephate form brinjal fruits was observed in the range of 17.18 – 58.67, 12.55 – 64.92, 3.54 – 53.83 and 29.67 – 98.17 %, respectively. Treatment T5 (cooking in pressure cooker for 15 min) was observed significantly superior over rest of the treatments to decontaminate of all the four pesticides in the range of 53.83 – 98.17 %. Treatment T3 (washing with running tap water for 10 min) was the next best treatment for reduction of pesticide residues of profenophos, triazophos, ethion and acephate in the range 52.37 – 63.79 %.
Decontamination of profenophos, triazophos, ethion and acephate form okra fruits was observed in the range of 17.97 – 58.68, 14.53 – 60.91, 16.91 – 61.85 and 14.81 – 70.92 %, respectively. Treatment T3 (washing with running tap water for 10 min) was observed significantly superior to rest of the treatments to decontaminate profenophos, triazophos and ethion in range of 58.68 – 61.85 %. The cooking in pressure cooker for 15 min was observed significantly superior for reduction of acephate residues upto 70.92 %. Treatment T4
V
(dipping in tap water for 10 min) was the next best treatment for reduction of profenophos and ethion residues upto 46.47 – 49.41 % and T7 (ozone treatment for 15 min) was the next best treatment for reduction of triazophos and acephate in the range 55.34 – 59.26 %.
Decontamination of profenophos, triazophos, ethion and acephate form cauliflower heads was observed in the range of 16.91 – 66.11, 32.39 – 78.06, 26.91 – 52.20 and 14.19 – 75.76 %, respectively. Treatment T5 (cooking in pressure cooker for 15 min) was observed significantly superior to the rest of the treatments to decontaminate of profenophos, triazophos and ethion in range 52.20 – 78.06 %. Treatment T4 (dipping in tap water for 10 min) was observed next best treatment for reduction of pesticide residues of profenophos, triazophos and ethion in the range 42.01 – 47.22 %. Whereas T7 (ozone treatment for 15 min) was the next best treatment for reduction of acephate upto 27.73 %.
Decontamination of acephate was considerably higher with cooking in pressure cooker for 15 min in brinjal, okra and cauliflower fruits.
Cooking in pressure cooker for 15 min caused maximum degradation of micronutrient contents (Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn).
Description
Keywords
agriculture, soil science, agricultural chemistry, method