ANAESTHETIC EVALUATION OF EPIDURAL LIGNOCAINE ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH BUTORPHANOL AND TRAMADOL IN GOATS
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Date
2012
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Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract
A total of 18 clinically healthy goats of 1-2 years of age and weighing between
12-15 kg were used for the present experiment. All the animal were randomly divided
in three groups containing six animals in each group. Epidural administration of
Lignocaine 2% @ 4 mg/kgbwt was epidurally administered over the lumbosacral
space in group I whereas, the animals of group II and III were given
butorphanol@0.04 mg/kgbwt and tramadol @ 1mg/kgbwt, respectively in
combination with lignocaine (4 mg/kgbwt).
Clinical observations viz. RT, HR, RR, systolic arterial pressure, diastolic
arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure, electrocardiographs as well as
haematological parameters like Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC, differential leucocyte count and
blood platelets were recorded before and after administration of drugs at 5, 15, 30,
45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Biochemical parameters like serum glucose,
SGPT(ALT), SGOT(AST), alkaline phosphatase, total serum protein, blood urea
nitrogen and serum creatinine were recorded before and at different intervals of 1,
2, 4 and 24 hours following epidural administration of drugs. Anaesthetic parameters
like onset of analgesia (min), duration of analgesia (min), time to recumbency (min)
and time to standing (min) were also monitored in all the groups.
Animals of group II showed a significant decrease (P< 0.05) in rectal
temperature up to 60 minutes of observation as compared to base line value. Group
I did not exhibit any significant alteration (P>0.05) in temperature at any intervals of
observation, whereas group III exhibited significant decrease (P<0.05) up to 45
minutes of observation. Lignocaine alone and in combination with tramadol injected
epidurally, did not exhibit any marked alteration in respiratory frequency in group I
and lll. However, the effect of lignocaine and butorphanol in group ll showed a
significant bradypnoea at 15, 30 and 45 minutes post injection as compared to base
value. The animals of group l and llI manifested non-significant alteration (P>0.05) in
heart rate up to 90 minutes of observation as compared to their base line value
following administration of anaesthetic agent. However a significant decrease (P<
0.05) in heart rate could be recorded at 30 minutes post injection in group ll. In
contrast to group l, group ll and lll showed a significant decrease in the value of
systemic arterial pressure at 15 and 30 minutes of observation. Diastolic and mean
arterial pressure did not show significant variation within and among the groups.
The analgesic score at anus, tail, perineum, upper part of the limbs and flank
was noticed at 5 min and maximum at 15 minutes of observation in all the groups.
The excellent analgesia could be recorded up to 45 minutes in group II and up to 30
minutes in group I and III, after that the score of analgesia was declined and reached
to no analgesia by the end of observation in group II and group III and at 90 min of
observation in group I. Motor incoordination and sedation was more marked in
group II as compared to group III and I. Onset of analgesia was delayed in group ll
(4.17 ± 0.40 min) as compared to group l (3.33 ± 0.61 min) and group lll (3.67± 0.42
min) but it persisted for a longer duration of time in group ll (105.83 ± 4.83 min). The
analgesic combination of lignocaine and butorphanol (group ll) had a significantly
marked effect on standing time (110.33 ± 5.01 min) of the animals as compared to
group l animals. The recumbency time was observed to be almost similar in all the
three groups. Two animals of group III exhibited urination in scanty amount 10 min
after epidural administration of lignocaine with tramadol. While,one goat of lignocaine
– butorphanol group exhibited shivering after administration of drugs.
A normal sinus rhythm was recorded before medication in all the groups at
different intervals of observation. The animals of group II showed a significant
bradycardia as depicted by increase in R-R and Q-T intervals. The R-R and Q-T
intervals remained slightly higher up to 90 min of observation in group II and III and
then returned to normal sinus rhythm afterwards.
The epidural effect of analgesics in group l, ll, and lll did not show any
marked alteration in the value of haemtological parameters like packed cell volume,
total erythrocyte count, lymphocyte percentage, neutrophil percentage and monocyte
percentage. The post injection value of these blood profiles did not differ significantly
with their respective base line value and ranged within normal physiological limits.
Hyperglycaemia was observed to be a consistent feature in all the three
groups following administration of analgesics. Significant increase in glucose level
could be recorded upto 2 hours of observation whereas, in group lll its level
increased significantly at 2 hours of observation as compared to the base value.
Other biochemical parameters viz SGPT (ALT), SGOT (AST), alkaline phosphatase,
total serum protein , blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine level varied nonsignificantly
at different intervals of observation within and between groups.
It is concluded that combination of lignocaine with butorphanol produces
better and longer duration of analgesia with transient variation in different clinical and
haemato - biochemical parameters, hence butorphanol in combination with
lignocaine may be recommended to be used as epidural analgesic in small
ruminants for management of operative procedures.
Description
ANAESTHETIC EVALUATION OF EPIDURAL LIGNOCAINE ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH BUTORPHANOL AND TRAMADOL IN GOATS
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