Studies on yellow leaf disease of sugarcane
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Date
2018-06
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is one of the most important commercial crop. It is grown in tropical and subtropical region of the country. It provides sugar, fodder, manure and myriad of by product with bagass, molasses, jaggery pulp and paper and viscose etc. It is being cultivated about 26.9 million hectare with a world wide harvest of 1910 million tones. Presently, India is the second largest country after Brazil in sugar and sugarcane production. In India, area under sugarcane cultivation is 4.92 million hectare and production is 348.44 million tones in 2016- 17. Being sugar rich crop it is more prone to many diseases. Among them Yellow Leaf Disease is an emerging threat to the sugarcane cultivation. It is a viral disease and caused by Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Virus (polerovirus). Its losses were recorded upto 60 per cent in Venezuela and upto 30 per cent in India. The present investigation conducted for confirmation of causal organism of Yellow Leaf Disease, screening and evaluation of promising 11 sugarcane varieties against Yellow Leaf Disease and its epidemiological studies and also the evaluation of different insecticide and their impact on various yield attributes and on disease incidence. On the basis of observations it was concluded that causal organism of Yellow Leaf Disease in sugarcane is a virus and was recovered from the midrib of leaf. Among the 11 varieties viz., CoPant3220, CoS767, CoPant90223, CoPant5224, CoPant84212, CoS8436, CoPant97222, CoPant84211, Co1148, CoJ64 and CoPant99214, only two varieties (CoPant99214 and CoJ64) were showing resistant reaction with low disease incidence 10.67 per cent and 12.14 per cent, respectively where as variety CoPant90223 having susceptible reaction and rest were moderately resistance viz., CoPant5224, CoS8436, CoPant84212, CoPant97222, Co1148, CoPant84211 and some were moderately susceptible viz.,CoS767, CoPant3220. Epidemiological studies of the two varieties CoPant90223 and CoS767 had shown negative correlation of minimum temperature with disease incidence i.e. -0.904 and - 0.807 respectively and also gave negative correlation with disease severity i.e. -0.853, -0.829, respectively. These both varieties gave positive correlation of morning humidity with disease incidence (0.509 and 0.563) and also gave positive correlation with disease severity (0.520 and 0.585). Among the different insecticides tested, fipronil 40% + imidacloprid 40% ( Lesenta 80 WG ) was best in reducing the disease incidence (61.82%) followed by fipronil 5SC (55.17%), imidacloprid 17.8SL (47.88%), acetamaprid 20SP (42.28%), thiomethoxam 25WG (31.40%) and imidacloprid 600FS (16.10%) in comparison the control. Fipronil 40% + imidacloprid 40% also gave highest yield (41.63 kg/plot) followed by fipronil 5 SC (40.06 kg/plot), imidacloprid 17.8 SL (33.25 kg/ plot), acetamaprid 20 SP( 32.88 kg/plot), thiomethoxam 25 WG (32kg/plot), imidacloprid 600 FS (30.35kg/plot) as compared to check ( 27.56kg/plot).
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