Migration of Labour in North Bihar - Socio-economic factors and Impact.
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Date
2014
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Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur)
Abstract
Migration from rural to urban areas has increased in recent years, especially
from North-Bihar. This indicates that most of the developed regions of India have
been utilising labour force of backward areas. An effort has been made to examine the
labour migration with details of socio-economic factors and its impact. The study was
based on primary data, carried out in three villages namely, Rasiari, Kathal, Bhagras
of Kiratpur block of Darbhanga district. A sample of 60 respondents,constituting 30
migrants and 30 non-migrants.
The analysis of socio-economic variables revealed that the most of migrants
belonged to 30-40 years age group (40%), scheduled caste being 53.3%, medium size
family accounting for 63.33% of migrants, 40% of sample migrants acquiring matric
level education and 76.6% them owned less than 0.5 acre farm size. It was found that
companies’ (private business organisation) labour work was considered as the main
occupation for almost 50% of migrants, while non-migrants (83.4%) had farming as
their main occupation. Remittances contribution was higher than 90% of total annual
income of migrant households. Per household Overall annual income of migrant
household was enumerated as Rs.103091.59, comparatively high than that of nonmigrant
households (Rs.77492.0). Migrant household’s annual expense (Rs.56826.2)
per household was comparatively low than that of non-migrant household
(Rs.56976.3), It may probably be due to more expenses on agriculture and allied by
non-migrant household, though infrastructure was same for both households. Larger
proportion of migrants (60%) rushed to north-India viz. Haryana & Punjab, Delhi, and
Rajasthan. Both types of migration occurs viz. Seasonal (short term) and long term.
Inter-state male migration has been on rise over the years.
The analysis of factors of migration showed that income and education exerted
positive impact i.e one unit increase in income and education separately, increased the
probability of migration by 99.9% and 23.1%, respectively. The negative impact was
observed on migration of labour in the study area on account of several factors such
as age, cultivable land, loan avail, number of dependent under study. Furthermore, it
is revealed in one unit increase in age, reduced the probability of migration by 30.6%,
whereas the probability of migration stepped up to 99.1% with one unit decrease in
cultivable land.
Impact of migration is supposed to have some influence on economic
condition of migrant households. It was pointed out that that remittances received
from the migrants led to higher standard of living of migrant family. It has been
reported in the study that received remittances have increased the consumption of
high valued food. It has encouraged the migrant family towards better education of
their children. Housing conditions as well as non-farm assets of migrant households
were found to improved than that of corresponding non-migrant households.
Migration had also impacted positively on health care.
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