Phytochemical analysis and biological activities of Ardisia solanacea Roxb. collected from Tarai region of Uttarakhand
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Date
2019-05
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
The aim of present study was to analyzed the chemical composition and to evaluate biological activities of the ethyl acetate leaf, stem and root extract of A. solanacae Roxb. The leaf, stem and root of A. solanacea were collected from Tarai region of Uttarakhand in the month of June and July 2018. Extracts were obtained from different parts of the plant using soxhlet method in ethyl acetate. The extracts so obtained were chemically analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative analysis of ethyl acetate leaf, stem and root extract of A. solanacea showed the abundance of alkaloids, carbohydrates, resins, diterpenes, triterpenes, fats and oils. While quantitative analysis of extracts were done by the combination of GC and GC/MS. The major compounds present in the leaf extract (ASLE) were aristolone (18.59%), 3-hydroxy-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic acid, silylat (8.36%), -amyrin (6.36%), -amyrenone (5.14%), espirosal (glycol salylate) (4.22%), palmitic acid (3.57%), squalene (3.08%), 1-naphthalenol,5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2,5-dimethyl-8-(1-methylethyl) (2.38%), -asarone (2.29%), neophytadiene (1.7%) and vitamin E (1.13%). The major compounds present in the stem extract (ASSE) were 4,6,6-trimethyl-2-(3-methylbuta-1,3-dienyl)-3-oxatricyclo octane (16.19%), 3-hydroxy-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic acid silylat (10.55%) palmitic acid (6.99%), oleic acid (2.38%), 1- naphthelenol,5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2,5-dimethyl-8-(-1-methylethyl) (1.59%), olean-12-en-3-one (1.56%), eicosonoic acid (1.27%) and methyl commated (1.24%) etc. While themajor compounds present in the root extract (ASRE) were -amyrenone (13.30%), 4,6,6- trimethyl-2-(3-methylbuta-1,3-dienyl)-3-oxatricyclo octane (10.13%), -amyrin (10.02%), 3-hydroxy-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic acid silylat (5.40%), palmitic acid (3.05%), 1-naphthelenol,5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2,5-dimethyl-8-(-1-methylethyl) (1.20%) and docosane (1.01%). ASLE showed higher phenolic, flavonoid and orthodihydric phenol content 323.99±0.04 mg/g GAE, 17.00±0.012 mg/g CNE and 36.09±0.02 mg/g CLE respectively. The in vitro antioxidant activity was performed in terms of DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power and metal chelating effect. ASLE showed highest radical scavenging potential (IC50=144.08±0.2 μg/mL) by comparing with the synthetic antioxidant, BHT. ASLE possessed highest reducing power (RP50=176.29±0.52 μg/mL) with respect to catechin. ASLE also exhibited maximum metal chelating effect (IC50= 1.99±0.09 μg/mL) in comparison to standard chelating agent EDTA. The negative correlation of total phenols with IC50 values of DPPH radical scavenging (-0.986), metal chelating activity (-0.685) and reducing power activity (-0.999) was obtained. ASRE (IB50=1.79±0.13) showed a strong in vitro anti-inflammatory effect relative to the diclofenac sodium (standard drug). The antifeedant activity of various ethyl acetate extracts of A. solanacea was done against Bihari Hairy Caterpillar (Spilosoma oblique) insect and the results showed ASRE to possessed highest % antifeeding with 100% feeding ihhibition. ASRE was evaluated for its insecticidal activity against Spilosoma obliqua (Bihar hairy caterpillar) insect using leaf
dip bioassay method and showed significant mortality rate 20.00%, 46.67%, 66.67 and 73.33% at 10, 15, 20 and 25% concentration respectively.The herbicidal activity of various ethyl acetate extracts of A. solanacea was done against the radish Raphanus raphanistrum seeds. The various parameters, such as inhibition of % seed germination, coleoptile length and the radical length used to determined the effects of various extracts of A. solanacea on radish seeds. ASRE showed highest percent inhibition of seed germination, coleoptile length and the radical length with IC50 value of 0.04±0.02%, 0.05±0.02% and 0.06±0.03% respectively.
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