Genetic diversity in chilli (capsicum annum L.)
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Date
2018-08-24
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Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken to estimate the genetic divergence in Chilli and to carry out yield component analysis through correlation and path analysis. Eighteen genotypes were sown in a randomized block design with two replications, during Kharif ,2017-2018 at Horticulture Research Scheme (Vegetable), College of agriculture, VNMKV, Parbhani, Maharashtra.
The D2 analysis was carried out for twenty eight characters which partitioned the eighteen genotypes into five clusters. The maximum genetic divergence was observed between clusters II and V (123.16). The maximum intra cluster distance was shown by cluster IV (44.59). The characters viz., number of seeds per fruit, yield per plot, days to last picking, fruit length, plant spread N-S, plant spread E-W, plant height, number of branches per plant, yield per hectare, fruit girth and days to 50% flowering contributed greatly towards diversity. The clusters showed high genetic divergence that could be effectively utilized in heterosis breeding programme. If a breeding programme is used at improving nutritional characters, then cluster III (90.25) showing maximum ascorbic acid that can be utilized in breeding programme.
The analysis of variance revealed significant difference for twenty eight characters studied suggesting considerable amount of variability exists among the genotypes. Wide range of variability was observed for plant height, number of leaves per plant, fruit length, pedicel length, number of fruits per plant, number of seeds per fruit and fruit yield per plant indicating the scope for selection of suitable initial breeding material for further improvement.
GA as percent of mean, GCV and PCV values are on par with each other for most of the characters that the influence of the environment on the traits. The values observed are not confounding with the environment. It is a true to the reflection of the homeostasis effect or buffer reaction of the gene. Thus, the true reflection of the trait is exhibited.
In a true agreement with the GCV and PCV values in the present investigation for the twenty eight characters was noticed, indicating additive genetic variance governing the high heritability with genetic advance as percent of mean. Thus a breeder can employ a simple selection process which will be a rewarding one to improve the characters viz., plant spread, number of leaves per plant, number of picking, yield per plant, number of seeds per fruit, capsaicin, pericarp thickness.
From correlation studies it was observed that fruit yield per plant was recorded positive significant correlation with characters number of branches per plant (0.2827 P, 0.4704 G), plant spread N-S (0.4432 P, 0.1963 G), plant spread E-W (0.3806 P, 0.5905 G), number of leaves per plant (0.0808 P, 0.3269 G), days to 50% flowering (0.0283 P, 0.1160 G), day to 50% fruit set (0.0865 P, 0.2270 G), days to last picking (0.3528 P, 0.6643 G), fruit length (0.5309 P, 0.8016 G), fruit girth (0.3436 P, 0.4414 G), number of fruits per plant (0.8651 P, 1.1316 G), pedicel length (0.2929 P, 0.1963 G), yield per hectare (0.8189) and it was noticed significant negative correlation with plant height (-0.1261 P, -0.5619 G), pericarp thickness (-0.2025 P, -0.3246 G). Ascorbic acid (0.26165 G) and capsaicin (0.0610 G) has recorded positive and significant association with fruit yield per plant at genotypic level.
Path analysis revealed that maximum positive indirect effect on fruit yield per plant was exhibited yield per hectare (1.2672) followed by number of fruits per plant (1.1316), and fruit length (0.8016) at genotypic level, Whereas; number of fruits per plant (0.8651), yield per hectare (0.8189) and fruit length (0.5309) at phenotypic level.
Therefore, it is emphasized to lay attention on these traits like, number of fruits per plant and fruit weight in crop improvement programme of chilli in future.
On the basis of the mean performance of the genotypes among traits studied, the promising lines and fruit weight for further crop improvement in chilli were identified viz., Pusa Sadabahar, Pusa Jwala, Byadgi-341, Ajooba.
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