PATHOLOGY AND MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS OF CANINE PARVO VIRAL INFECTION
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Date
2018-10
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
The present work was undertaken to know the incidence, to study haemato-biochemical changes, to describe the lesions and to carry out molecular diagnosis of CPV in dogs by PCR. A total of 85 dogs with suspected clinical signs of CPV infection presented to the TVCC, veterinary hospitals and pet clinics in selected districts (West Godavari, Krishna and Guntur) of A.P during the period from December 2017 to July 2018 were screened and various materials were collected for the present study. Of the 85 dogs screened, 37 were found positive by PCR constituting an overall incidence of 43.52% of CPV in the study area. The incidence was found to be highest in Guntur (65%) followed by Krishna (37.5%) and West Godavari (35.29%) districts. Non-descript, unvaccinated male pups of 0-3 months were found to be at higher risk especially during monsoon season in the area under study. Clinical signs noticed in the affected dogs were vomition and haemorrhagic diarrhoea with eventual death mostly in young pups. The salient haemato-biochemical findings were anaemia, neutropenia, lymphopenia, increased BUN, creatinine, AST, ALT, ALP values and decreased total serum protein and albumin. In nine dogs that died during the course of the disease and confirmed positive for CPV by PCR, necropsy was carried out. The animals were cachectic with blood tinged faeces at perianal region. Lesions were noticed in the intestine, heart, stomach, spleen, lung, liver and kidneys. Intestine was congested and the contents varied from watery to yellow mucoid and often bloody. Microscopically, villous atrophy, fusion, haemorrhages, necrosis and diptheritic membrane formation were observed in the mucosa. Goblet cell hyperplasia, cystic enlargement of crypts and mononuclear infiltration were seen in the lamina propria. Mesenteric lymph nodes were grossly enlarged that showed lymphoid depletion. Heart of CPV affected dogs had a mottled and pale appearance. Microscopically, necrosis of cardiac muscle, interstitial myocarditis and haemorrhages between muscle fibres were noticed. Stomach revealed mucosal congestion and haemorrhagic to mucoid contents. Microscopically, haemorrhages, mononuclear infiltration and necrosis were noticed in the mucosa. Lymphoid depletion was seen in the spleen. Grossly, lung appeared congested that revealed vascular congestion and mild septal thickening microscopically. Liver was pale and showed degenerative changes and focal necrosis of hepatocytes. Kidneys appeared congested grossly that revealed degeneration and necrosis of tubular epithelium. In the present study, molecular diagnosis of CPV in 37 samples using PCR assay by using CPV-2ab primers yielded a product of 681 bp specific for VP-2 gene of capsid protein of CPV. In conclusion, the present study revealed the occurrence of CPV infection in dogs in the study area with an incidence of 43.52% and described the haemato-biochemical and pathological changes apart from molecular diagnosis of the infection by PCR.
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