EFFECT OF FOLIAR SPRAY OF NITROGEN, POTASSIUM & NPK ON WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) IN WATER STRESS CONDITION 2949
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Date
2019-08
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
JAU, JUNAGADH
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at Wheat Research Station, Junagadh
Agicultural University, Junagadh to evaluate the “Effect of foliar spray of nitrogen,
potassium & NPK on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in water stress condition” during
the rabi season of 2017-18.
The effect of foliar spray of fertilizer of N, K and NPK under water stress
condition on morphological, physiological, biochemical and yield and yield attributing
characters was recorded at anthesis and grain filling stage.
Application of treatments showed significant effects on morphological growth
attributes such as, the highest value of plant height (91.76 cm, 93.89 cm) was found in
T5, leaf area (146.74 cm2
, 147.82 cm2
) in T5 and leaf area index (4.22, 4.25) in T5 at
anthesis stage and grain filing stage respectively. Regarding to the CGR and RGR, the
highest CGR (2.93 g m
-2
day-1
) was found in the T5 and highest RGR
(1.298 g g-1
day-1
) was found in the T3.
The morphological growth attributes were increased due to increases in cell
division and cell elongation in leaf tissue and higher biomass and more photosynthetic
activity in plant.
The data regarding physiological attributes such as RWC and osmotic
potential were significant at both the stages. The highest RWC (50.97 %, 28.67 %)
was found in T4 and osmotic potential (-0.265 Mpa, -0.248 Mpa) in T1 at anthesis
stage and grain filing stage respectively because potassium improves physiological
processes by the regulation of turgor pressure and photosynthesis.
ABSTRACTSignificantly the highest reducing sugar (1.493 mg g
-1
, 1.683 mg g-1
) was
found in the T5, free amino acid (0.894 mg g-1
, 1.263 mg g-1
) in T2, MDA
(51.20 mg g-1
, 58.17 mg g-1
) content in T2, chlorophyll a content (3.600 mg g-1
,
3.482 mg g-1
) in T3, chlorophyll b content (2.187 mg g-1
, 1.982 mg g-1
) in T3, total
chlorophyll T3 (3.667 mg g-1
) and T3 (2.520 mg g-1
), CSI (25.73%, 22.98 %) in T5 and
proline content (0.658 mg g-1
, 0.698 mg g-1
) T2 respectively at anthesis stage and
grain filing stage.
Reducing sugar was increases as compare to drought condition because it
stimulated the rate of photosynthesis leading to higher rate of production of
photosynthates in the leaves. Due to spray of NPK, proline content and free amino
acid content was reduced due to decrease in osmolytes. Also NPK spray improves cell
membrane stability and water deficit adjustment ability there by decrease MDA
content. Foliar spray of nitrogen improved many physiological growth processes and
delayed plant leaves senescence which increases the chlorophyll content.
Foliar spray of water soluble fertilizer under water stress condition affects
significantly on yield and yield attributing characters, in which highest value of spike
length (9.41 cm) was found in T5, number of grains/spike (46.63) in T5, number of
effective tillers (8.00) in T5, total biomass (2.98 kg/plot) in T5, grain yield
(1.28 kg/plot) in T5, straw yield (1.79 kg/plot) in T3, 1000 grain weight (45.33) in T5
and harvest index (43.56%) in T5.
Water stress affects crop growth and productivity in many ways. Most of the
responses have a negative effect on production. All the attributes are decreased under
the water stress condition. But when foliar treatment of NPK was applied, spike
length was increase due to cell divison, cell elongation and increase in vegetative
growth. Thousand grain weight was increase due to more accumulation of dry matter
in grains by application of foliar spray and harvest index was increased due to
increased number of grains/ spike. The grain yield was increase mainly due to
increase in grain number with no significant change in mean grain weight. Total
biomass increased due to more number of tillers each of which bears more spikes. The
increase of straw yield was attributed to increased number of tiller.
Water shortage at any critical crop growth phase rigorously controlled the
growth, yield and nutrient uptake of wheat. Foliar feeding of N, K and NPK at all
critical phases enhanced all the morphological, physiological, biochemical and yield
attributing character.