Characterization of Rhizobium isolates of Chickpea from acidic soil of Jharkhand
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Date
2019
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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
Abstract
Out of several gases present in the atmosphere nitrogen share the major portion (about 71%) and
is found in the di-nitrogen (an inert) form. It is the component of many bio-molecules required
for the growth and development of all organisms. Most of the eukaryotes are incapable of
utilizing nitrogen directly from the environment; only a certain group of prokaryotes are
genetically feasible to fix the atmospheric nitrogen into the biologically useful form like
ammonia which is further utilized by eukaryotes. Rhizobium a gram negative bacteria associates
symbiotically with legume crop and are genetically feasible in reducing (fixing) atmospheric
nitrogen for leguminous crop. Legumes in turn provide shelter and energy to them. The
specificity of Rhizobia to inoculate legume falls either in broad range host specificity to narrow
range host specificity. Several abiotic stresses adversely influence the activity of Rhizobium. Soil
pH is one of the stresses which hamper the symbiotic association between the two. As per the
reports soil pH in the range of 6.5-7.0 are considered best in the case of leguminous crop for the
optimal activity of the bacteria. Soil pH below or above this range minimizes the Biological
Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) through Rhizobia. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-D
electrophoresis) is a powerful and widely used method for the analysis of complex protein
mixtures extracted from cells, tissues, or other biological samples. This technique sort’s protein
according to two independent properties in two discrete steps: the first-dimension step,
isoelectric focusing (IEF), separates proteins according to their isoelectric points (pI); the
second-dimension step, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), separates
proteins according to their molecular weights. Each spot on the resulting two-dimensional array
corresponds to a single protein species in the sample. Thousands of different proteins can thus be
separated, and information such as the protein pI, the apparent molecular weight, and the amount
of each protein is obtained. The aim of my work is to perform 2-D Electrophoretic profiling of
Rhizobium isolates of Chickpea collected from various soil regimes. Chickpea plant has been
taken as a model system for the collection of nodules. Chickpea , as a legume, improves soil
fertility through (BNF) biological nitrogen fixation. Chickpea is a crop that provides cash income
from its grain. It requires no N fertilizers owing to its ability to fix atmospheric N, and in rotation
can improve the N nutrition and yield of subsequent cereals, one of the most important factors
that affect the efficiency of symbiosis between Rhizobia and plants is the Ph of the soil in which
they interact. The host plant to any symbiotic Rhizobium appears to be the limiting factor for
growth in extreme pH, as most legumes require a neutral or slightly acidic soil for growth
especially when they depend on symbiotic nitrogen fixation. The present work is associated with
the comparison of the soluble protein fraction of the Rhizobium from the nodules of the legume
chickpea grown in the normal environmental condition to the soluble protein fraction of the
Rhizobium from the nodules of the legume chickpea grown in the acidic soil by employing Two-
Dimensional (2-D) Gel Electrophoresis. Gel analysis shows differences in the expression of
protein between the two types of Rhizobia.
Description
Characterization of Rhizobium isolates of Chickpea from
acidic soil of Jharkhand