Genetic variability studies in gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus Hort.)
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Date
2021-10-25
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Banda University of Agriculture & Technology, Banda-210001, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out at the instructional farm of Department of
Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture, Banda University of
Agriculture and Technology, Banda during 2020-21 to study the variability studies in
gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus Hort). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block
Design (RBD) with three replications. Twenty three genotypes of gladiolus were evaluated
for 27 vegetative, flowering and yield related traits to study the genetic parameters such
variability, heritability, coefficient of variation, correlation and path coefficient analysis.
Analysis of variance for all the traits showed significant differences among genotypes
except for only one trait i.e, days taken for first floret to last floret opening in a spike for
flower and yield related traits. High range in mean performance was observed for days
taken to corm sprouting (8.20-24.33days), plant height (65.49-102.63 cm), stem girth(9.33-
17.17 mm), no. of spikes per plant (1.07-3.00), no. of leaves per plant (5.87-9.20), leaf
length(29.10-46.77 cm), leaf width (15.76-33.22 cm), leaf area (48.22-129.86 cm2
), days
taken to spike initiation (79.20-101.17 days), days taken for color showing state (91.60-
110.48 days), no of spikes per m2
(20.00-45.00 spikes/m2
), length of spikes (47.03-81.53
cm), rachis length (23.12-84.37 cm), weight of spike (32.54-87.33 g), no. of floret per
spike (8.44-17.53), no. of days taken for 50 % flowering (102.67-120.67 days), no. of
daughter corms per plant (1.27-3.33), no. of cormels per plant (12.47-46.47), diameter of
daughter corms (3.46-6.43 cm) and average weight of daughter corms (28.78-85.57 g).
High coefficient of variation was observed for leaf area, weight of spike and no. of cormels
per plant. Higher heritability was observed for leaf area (99.65 %) followed by weight of
spike (88.18%), rachis length (77.77 %), no. of florets per spike (75.39 %), stem girth
(74.84%), leaf length (74.80%), girth of spike (73.54%), leaf width (73.37%), no. of
cormels per plant (67.51%), no. of daughter corms per plant (67.29%), no. of shoot per
plant (65.65%), average weight of daughter corms (64.43%), no. of spikes per plant
(64.24%) and no. of spikes per m2
(62.19%). High values of genetic advance as percent of
mean was recorded for leaf area (64.50%) followed by weight of spikes (57.39%), no. of
cormels per plant (43.95%), no. of shoots per plant (42.80%), average weight of daughter
corms (40.24%), no. of daughter corms per plant (37.71%), days taken to corm sprouting
(37.45%), rachis length (36.18%), no. of florets per spike (33.62%), no. of spikes per plant
(33.52%), leaf width (33.47%), no. of spikes per m2 (31.14%), no. of spikes per ha
(29.33%), stem girth (28.87%), diameter of daughter corms (23.72%), girth of spikes
(22.03%) and leaf length (33.47%). The magnitude of correlation coefficient at genotypic
level was found higher than the corresponding correlation at phenotypic level. Number of
spikes per plant had a positive and highly significant correlation both at genotypic and
phenotypic levels with no. of shoots per plant (0.830, 0.687), leaf length (0.331, 0.239), no.
of daughter corms per plant (0.703,0.532), average weight of daughter corms (0.485,
0.282), no. of spikes per m2
(1.002, 0.991) and no. of spikes per ha (1.002, 0.978). Path
coefficient analysis revealed that no of spikes per m2
(0.805, 0.855) exhibited maximum
positive and direct effect on number of spikes per plant at genotypic and phenotypic level
followed by leaf area (0.212, 0.115), no. of spikes per ha (0.125, 0.114), girth of spikes
(0.042, 0.031), no. of shoot per plant (0.041, 0.062) and no. of florets per spike (0.033,
0.035), respectively. Hence selections of these traits would be effective for flower yield
improvement in gladiolus.
The clustering patterns based on Mahalonobis D2
statistic indicated the existence of
wide genetic divergence among genotypes for various traits studied and categorized the
genotypes into five distinct clusters. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed
between cluster-1 and cluster-3 (2116.5), whereas the lowest was found between cluster-2
and cluster-4 (143.00).
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Citation
Rahul Patel 2021. Genetic variability studies in gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus Hort.). M.Sc. Thesis. 112p.