CLINICAL STUDIES ON ANAL AND PERINEAL TUMORS IN DOGS
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Date
2011-09
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Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, TIRUPATI – 517 502,A.P
Abstract
ABSTRACT :
The present clinical study was conducted to study incidence, clinical symptoms on anal and perineal tumors in dogs. Among total of 221 dogs presented with tumors 30 dogs were anal and perineal tumors. Thirty dogs were divided into two groups of 15 animals each which were again divided into two subgroups according to type of tumors and treatment adopted as Group I (a), Group I (b), Group II (a) and Group II (b). Anal tumors were found to be most common in males where as perineal tumors were most common in females. Among anal tumors, anal sac adenocarcinoma was the most common tumor affecting the female dogs. TVT was the most prevalent among urogenital perineal tumors.
Highest incidence of anal or perineal tumors was seen in age group of 10-12 years. German Shepherd was the most commonly affected dog breed followed by Mongrel. The dogs suffering from anal or perineal tumors exhibited variety of symptoms like swelling in anal or perineal area, anorexia, bloody discharge, biting anal and the perineal area, discomfort, weight loss, ulceration, tail lifting, lethargy, dysuria, constipation, necrosis, pain while defaecation (dyschezia), passing ribbon like stools.
Haematological parameters like Hemoglobin, PCV and TLC values were higher in animals with anal and perineal tumors subjected to surgical excision compared to chemotherapy. Neutropenia, lymphocytosis, monocytosis were noticed in the animals subjected to chemotherapy.
Biochemical parameters like Calcium, Phosphorus, Blood urea nitrogen and Creatinine were estimated in all the animals. Hypercalcemia and hypophosphotemia were evident in dogs with anal tumor at the time of presentation which gradually turned to normal level after treatment. No distant metastasis to lung, liver, kidney or regional lymph node could be seen in the present study. Diagnostic cytology techniques like fine needle aspiration biopsy established the malignancy in tumors. AgNOR counts helped to know the rate of proliferation among malignant tumors. The mean AgNOR count in anal and perineal tumor ranged from 2.86 to 7.21 and 3.20 to 5.3 respectively.
Histologically, anal sac adenocarcinoma (40.0%) was found to be the most common anal tumor encountered followed by myxofibrosarcoma and hepatoid adenocarcinoma (20.0%), basal cell carcinoma (13.34%). Incidence of cystic papillary adenocarcinoma was less (6.66%). TVT was found to be the most commonly occurring (33.34%) perineal tumor in dogs, followed by mixed tumor (26.66%), SQCC (20.0%), myxosarcoma (13.3%). Fibrohemangiosarcoma was comparatively a less frequently occurring tumor (6.66%). However, when anal tumors and perineal tumors were considered to occur in the whole perineal area of dog, anal sac adenocarcinoma was found to be the most frequently encountered type of tumor followed by TVT and mixed tumors.
Proliferative markers like P53 and AgNOR staining and counting was studied to know the rate of proliferation. P53 positivity was expressed in 2 dogs with anal sac adenocarcinoma. Treatment modalities like surgical excision and chemotherapy were adopted. In chemotherapy, neutropenia was observed. Lethargy, vomition and anorexia were the side effects of chemotherapy observed which subsided by administration of supportive therapy. Vincristine sulphate was the anti cancerous drug used in the chemotherapy. Anal fistulation, faecal incontinence were the most common complications of surgical excision. Dogs with anal sac adenocarcinoma which had highest AgNOR count showed recurrence following surgery and chemotherapy. In perineal tumors no recurrence was seen in animals of both the groups. The benefits of chemotherapy and surgical excision depended on nature, type and location of tumor.
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Keywords
DOGS; ANAL; PERINEAL; TUMORS