EFFECT OF VARIOUS ORGANIC MANURES ON SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION, SOIL HEALTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF RAINFED GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)
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Date
2017
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Publisher
Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University
Abstract
The present study entitled “Effect of various organic manures on soil
carbon sequestration, soil health and productivity of rainfed groundnut
(Arachis hypogaea L.)” was undertaken during kharif, 2016 in a field experiment
which was started at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tirupati, Acharya
N.G. Ranga Agricultural University in kharif, 2007, with a prime objective of
monitoring soil health. The soil of the experimental field was red sandy loam
(Haplustalf). The experiment has six treatments each replicated four times in a
randomized block design. The treatments include T1 : Control (no manure or
fertilizers), T2 : RDF @ 20:40:50 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1
, T3 : Vermicompost @
2.5 t ha-1
, T4 : Poultry manure @ 4 t ha-1
, T5 : Farm yard manure @ 10 t ha-1
,
T6 : Pressmud cake @ 10 t ha-1
.
Surface soil samples at a depth of 15 cm were collected at harvest in each
treatment for analysing physical, physico-chemical, chemical and micro-biological
properties. Soil samples were also collected from 0-30, 30-60, 60-90 and 90-120 cm
depth at harvest of the crop in each treatment for estimation of total carbon, carbon
stock and carbon sequestration.
Significant decrease in soil bulk density (1.18 Mg m-3
), increase in porosity
(51.2 %) and water holding capacity (40.1 %) at harvest due to the application of
FYM @ 10 t ha-1
(T5) was recorded and was on par with pressmud cake @10 t ha-1
(T6). The highest bulk density (1.29 Mg m-3
), lowest porosity (45.6 %) was recorded
in control (T1) and lowest water holding capacity (28.1 %) in RDF treatment (T2). The
bulk density in soil at harvest increased with increase in soil depth. The mean bulk
density at a depth of 0 to 30 cm was recorded as 1.25 Mg m-3
, 1.27 Mg m-3
at 30 to 60
cm, 1.30 Mg m-3 at 60 to 90 cm and 1.32 Mg m-3
at 90 to 120 cm.
Soil pH and organic carbon were significantly increased and EC was not
influenced by the application of organic manures at harvest. Highest pH (7.20) was
recorded in poultry manure @ 4 t ha-1 applied treatment (T4) and was on par with
(7.13) FYM @ 10 t ha-1
applied treatment (T5). Highest organic carbon (0.51 %) was
recorded in FYM @ 10 t ha-1
applied treatment (T5) and was on par with pressmud
cake @ 10 t ha-1
applied treatment (T6). The lowest pH (6.42) and OC (0.30 %) was
recorded in control (T1). Total carbon content of soil was significantly increased with
the application of organic manures. Highest total carbon (0.72 %) was recorded in
FYM applied treatment (T5) and lowest (0.41 %) was recorded in control (T1). Total
carbon content of soil decreased with increase in soil depth at harvest. The mean total
carbon content at 0 to 30 cm soil depth was recorded as 0.53 %, 0.48 % at 30 to
60 cm, 0.46 % at 60 to 90 cm and 0.43 % at 90 to 120 cm soil depth.
Soil available nutrients like N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S increased significantly by
the application of organic manures at harvest. Highest available nitrogen
(236 kg ha-1
), phosphorus (61 kg ha-1
) and potassium (292 kg ha-1
) were recorded in
FYM (T5), poultry manure (T4) and pressmud cake (T6) applied treatments
respectively, whereas the lowest was observed in control (T1). Highest soil
exchangeable calcium (6.5 cmol (P+
) kg-1
) and available sulphur (9.4 mg kg-1
) were
recorded in pressmud cake (T6) applied treatment. Whereas, FYM applied treatment
(T5) recorded the highest exchangeable magnesium (4.0 cmol (P+
) kg-1
). Lowest
exchangeable magnesium and available sulphur were recorded in RDF treatment (T2)
and exchangeable calcium was lowest in control (T1).
Soil DTPA extractable micronutrients like Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn also increased
significantly with the application of organic manures at harvest. Highest Fe
(7.1 mg kg-1
), Zn 4.7 (7.1 mg kg-1
) and Cu (0.73 mg kg-1
) content were recorded in
FYM applied treatment (T5) followed by poultry manure applied treatment (T4). The
lowest Fe, Zn and Cu were recorded in control (T1). Whereas, highest Mn was
observed in pressmud cake applied treatment (T6) followed by FYM applied treatment
(T5) and lowest Mn was recorded in RDF treatment (T2).
Total microbial population viz., bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes population
at harvest was higher in all the organic manure applied treatments than RDF treatment
(T2) and control (T1). The highest population viz., bacteria (124 cfu gm-1
), fungi (12
cfu gm-1
) and actinomycetes (42 cfu gm-1
) were recorded in pressmud cake applied
treatment (T6) and lowest was recorded in RDF treatment (T2).
Soil organic carbon stock at harvest was recorded highest (1867 Mg C ha-1
) in
pressmud cake applied treatment (T6) followed by FYM applied treatment (T5)
(1699 Mg C ha-1
). Lowest was recorded in RDF treatment (T2) and control (T1).
Organic carbon stock at harvest increased with increase in soil depth. The mean soil
organic carbon stock at a depth of 0 to 30 cm was 1477 Mg C ha-1
, 2726 Mg C ha-1
at
30 to 60 cm, 3271 Mg C ha-1 at 60 to 90 cm and 3629 Mg C ha-1 at 90 to 120 cm.
Carbon sequestration rate also showed similar trend when organic manures were
applied but no regular pattern was observed with respect to depth.
Significant differences were recorded in carbon sequestration potential in
organic manure applied treatments. Highest carbon sequestration potential
(535 Mg C ha-1
) was recorded in treatment receiving FYM (T5) and was on par with
pressmud cake applied treatment (T6). Lowest (65 Mg C ha-1
) was recorded in RDF
treatment (T2). The soil carbon sequestration potential at harvest stage increased with
increase in soil depth. The mean soil carbon sequestration potential at a depth of
0 to 30 cm was 196.65 Mg C ha-1
, 287.28 Mg C ha-1 at 30 to 60 cm, 302.1 Mg C ha-1
at 60 to 90 cm and 743.47 Mg C ha-1 at 90 to 120 cm.
Pod yield of groundnut was significantly influenced by the application of
different organic manures. The highest pod yield (1531 kg ha-1
) was recorded in RDF
treatment (T2) and was on par with FYM (T5) (1470 kg ha-1
), poultry manure (T4)
(1454 kg ha-1
), pressmud cake (T6) (1446 kg ha-1
) and vermicompost applied
treatments (T3) (1418 kg ha-1
). Whereas, lowest (1188 kg ha-1
) was recorded in
control (T1).
Highest nitrogen (64.29 kg ha-1
), phosphorus (19.43 kg ha-1
) and potassium
uptake (69.04 kg ha-1
) were recorded in pressmud cake applied treatment (T6) and the
lowest was recorded in control (T1).
In the present study, among various organic manures, FYM and pressmud cake
application @ 10 t ha-1 were found most effective in maintaining soil health by improving
soil physical properties, soil carbon stock and carbon sequestration rate and by supplying
essential nutrients apart from maintaining microbial population in soil. They also helped
in sustaining pod yields similar to chemical fertilizers. Depending on the availability, any
of the organic sources like FYM or pressmud cake can be suggested to achieve organic
farming in groundnut crop under rainfed situations.
Description
D5532
Keywords
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