EVALUATION OF NANOPARTICLES FOR DETECTION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN MILK
Loading...
Date
2021
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
ICAR-NDRI, Karnal
Abstract
In twenty-first-century, organophosphate pesticides are being extensively used in the
agricultural practices to increase the crop yield. Immeasurable use of these pesticides leads
to variety of short-term and chronic adverse health implications. Most of the countries
have banned these pesticides for agricultural purposes but they are still permitted in India.
In many parts of India, milk was found to be contaminated with organophosphate
pesticides particularly, chlorpyrifos and malathion. Source of contamination of these
pesticides in milk is through feed and fodder. The present research work was aimed to
develop gold nanoparticles (GNPs) based assay for detection chlorpyrifos and malathion
pesticide in milk. Conventional assays already available for the detection of
organophosphate pesticides such as GC-MS, LC-MS, and HPLC have been widely used.
These methods however, require highly expensive instruments, tedious steps for sample
preparation, time-consuming pretreatments and well trained technicians which limit their
applications for on-site screening of these pesticides in milk. The development of present
pesticide (chlorpyrifos and malathion) detection assay, required salt functionalization of
GNPs was carried out using different salts and sodium sulphate was found to be excellent
for functionalization of GNPs. The qualitative detection of chlorpyrifos and malathion was
achieved up to the 15 and 30 ppb, respectively, using functionalized GNPs in pure
acetonitrile system. Furthermore, limit of detection (LOD) of chlorpyrifos and malathion
was achieved as 10.99 and 23.90 ppb, respectively in acetonitrile system. For milk system,
qualitative detection of chlorpyrifos and malathion was achieved up to the 20 and 35 ppb,
respectively, using functionalized GNPs. The limit of detection (LOD) of chlorpyrifos and
malathion was achieved as 14.76 and 24.53 ppb, respectively, in milk system. The percent
recovery of chlorpyrifos and malathion was 106.08 and 105.48, respectively, in milk
system with developed assay. The HPLC-MS instrumental validation was also carried out
in order to assess the analytical performance in detection of chlorpyrifos and malathion in
milk using the GNPs based developed method. The LOD of HPLC-MS method for
chlorpyrifos and malathion was found to be 7.58 and 3.21 ppb, respectively. The percent
recovery of HPLC-MS method for chlorpyrifos and malathion from spiked raw milk
samples were obtained as 102.13 and 101.84, respectively. It was found that both the
methods were excellent for detection of chlorpyrifos and malathion pesticide in milk. The
GNPs based developed present assay is very simple when compared with sophisticated
instrumental assays. The developed GNPs based assay is very rapid, cost effective and
reliable for qualitative as well as quantitative detection of chlorpyrifos and malathion
pesticides in milk system. However, an inference of other prevalently occurring pesticides
provides progressive future scope in the development of multi-pesticide detection assay
for milk system using GNPs.