GENOTYPE X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN FORAGE MAIZE (Zea mays L.)
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Date
2004
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AAU, Anand
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the third most important cereals next only to wheat and rice in the world with respect to both area and production. Maize is also considered to be a valuable cereal forage. An ideal genotype is one that combines high yield and stability in its performance across years and locations.. As the knowledge of G x E interaction and stability of genotypic performance over environments helps in selection of stable genotypes hence, the present study was envisaged. The experimental material comprised of fourty two maize genotypes of diverse origin. The experiment was conducted in the year 2002-2003 in Kharif-2002, Rabi-2002 and Kharif-2003 at the Main Forage Research Station, G.A.U., Anand. The randomized block design with three replications was used for the purpose and sowing was done in a single raw plot with 10 cm distance between plants in a row. The observations were recorded for twelve characters viz., days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, days to 50% milking, plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf width, leaf:stem ratio, green forage yield per plant, dry matter per cent, dry matter yield per plant and crude protein content. The data were subjected to stability analysis as per the method suggested by Eberhart and Russell (1966). The results revealed significant G x E interaction for all the characters except plant height, leaf width and dry matter pe cent. The regression analysis revealed that the linear component of G x E interaction was significant only for days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, days to 50% milking, dry matter per cent and crude protein content, while non-linear component (pooled derivation) was significant for all the traits. The linear component was predominant for days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, days to 50% milking, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, green forage yield per plant, dry matter per cent, dry matter yield per pant and crude protein content which suggested that performance of genotypes could be predicted across the environments with greater precision. Among 42 genotypes under study, TOBA-17, HAIT-34 and GM-2 showed stability coupled with high mean for green forage yield per plant. Genotype HAIT-34, ANTI GP-2, BRVT-138 and GUAD-16 were stable for dry matter yield per plant with high mean. Genotypes TOBA-17, CUBA-164, BRVI-120, PANA-153, CUBA-146, HAIT-22, HAIT-31, HAIT GP-6 and HAIT-21 were stable with higher mean for crude protein content. CUBA-124, HAIT GP-2, TRIN-24, GREN-2 and TRIN-30 genotypes were found stable for leaf: stem ratio and genotypes GUAT GP-21-18A, BRVI-138, PANA-153, PANA-89, GUAD-12, SURI-802, HAIT-21, TOBA-7 and African Tall were stable for number of leaves per plant. Genotypes CUBA-135, GUAD-16, SVIN-1, CUBA-124, HAIT-21, HAIT-35 and GM-2 were found stable with low green forage yield per plant, whereas genotypes BRVI-146, CUBA-164, BRVI-120, CUBA-135, SVIN-1, TRIN-24, GREN-2, HAIT-21, TRIN-30, HAIT-35 and TOBA-8 were found stable with low dry matter yield per plant.
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PLANT BREEDING AND GENETICS, AGRICULTURE, A STUDY