Studies on Major Soil Fungal Flora of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
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Date
2016-06
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University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
Abstract
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an annual legume and an important oilseed crop which is grown worldwide. This crop is suffers from many fungal diseases. Among them soil borne diseases (collar rot caused by Aspergillus niger Van Teighem and stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii) cause heavy crop losses. Investigations on major soil fungal flora of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) was undertaken at College of Agriculture Vijayapura (University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad) during kharif, 2015-16.
A roving survey was conducted in potential groundnut growing areas of five districts of northern Karnataka. The maximum disease incidence of collar rot was observed at Basapura (17.86%) village of Gadag district and stem rot at Tadakoda (27.34%) village of Belagavi district. The higher incidence of stem rot and collar rot were observed in black soil and also in the fields where monocroping of groundnut was followed.
Investigations on the enumeration of soil fungal flora revealed the high frequency of A. niger followed by Trichoderma spp. and S. rolfsii in groundnut grown fields.
In vitro evaluation of bio agents and botanicals on collar rot and stem rot pathogens revealed that, Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride were found effective against them. Among botanicals Azadirachta indica and Allium sativum were found best in reducing the growth of above pathogens.
Compatibility study of agrochemicals (fungicides, insecticides and herbicide) against T. harzianum has revealed that phorate and imidacloprid had no any effect on the growth of the bio agent.