DEVELOPMENT OF FEEDING SYSTEM BASED ON AZOLLA (AZOLLA PINNATA) AND SHEANUT CAKE (VITELLARLA PARADOM) FOR NELLORE SHEEP REARED IN DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS'
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Date
2008-10
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
Experiments were conducted to assess 1) The influence of experimental diets
based on Azolla (Azolla pinnata) and Sheanut Cake (Vitellaria paradoxa) on growth
performance, DM1 and nutrient utilization of Nellore weaners in a 4 x 6 Completely
Randomized Design under both intensive and semi intensive systems, 2) The influence
of experimental diets based on Azolla and Sheanut cake on blood biochemical profiles,
liver function tests, haemotocrit values and carcass traits of the Nellore weaners in a
4 x 6 Completely Randomized Design and 3). The influence of experimental diets on
Nutrient utilization of adult sheep in a 4 x 6 Completely Randomized Design. Both the
systems were compared in all the experiments.
The experimental diets consist of
1. Control diet TI (Concentrate mixture + Hybrid Napier in intensive system
and concentrate mixture + grazing allowance in semi intensive system).
2. Diet Tz replacing 30 parts of GNC with Azolla.
3. Diet T3 replacing 16 parts of Rice bran with Sheanut cake and
4. Diet T4 replaciig 30 parts of GNC with Azolla + 16 parts of Rice bran with
Sheanut cake fiom control diet were fed to Nellore weaners and adult sheep.
The chemical composition and amino acid profile of Azolla were superior than
Sheanut cake. The essential and non essential amino acids were in optimum proportions
in both Azolla and Sheanut cake. Sulphur containing amino acids were marginally
.lower in them. Hence, supplementation of these amino acids along with the diets was
recommended. In an experiment with Nellore weaners, significantly higher drymatter intake
per day (P<0.05) and drymatter intake per 100 kg body weight (P<0.0 1 ) were recorded
for T4 and T3 diets in intensive system and the same trend was observed for DM1 per
100 kg body weight in semi intensive system. Significantly (P<0.01) higher total body
weight gain (kg) and ADG (g) were observed for all test diets than control diet in both
systems. FCR was significantly (P<0.01) higher for all test diets than control in both
systems of management. The cost of feed per kg weight gain was reduced by about 50
per cent in experimental diets over control diet. DM1 and cost of feed per kg weight
gain were significantly (P<0.01) higher in semi intensive system, whereas total body
weight gain, ADG and FCR were significantly (P<0.01) higher in intensive system.
Significantly (Pc0.01) higher digestibility coefficients (%) were observed for DM, CP,
CF, EE, NFE, NDF, ADF, hemicellulose and cellulose in intensive system and for DM,
OM, CP, CF, EE, ADF and Cellulose in semi intensive system for experimental diets
over control diet. There exists a significant (P<0.01) difference in DM, OM, CP, NFE,
NDF, hemicellulose and cellulose digestibility coefficients between systems where
intensive system had higher values. The DCP content was significantly higher in T4 and T2 diets in intensive system at P<0.01 and T2 and T3 in semi intensive system at Pc0.05. The TDN content was
significantly (P<0.01) higher in diet T4 of intensive system and all test diets in semi
intensive system than control diet. The DCP and TDN content of test diets were higher
than the recommended values of NRC (1985). The protein : energy ratios were wider in
all the diets of both systems indicate protein dilution.
The digestibility coefficients (%) of DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF,
hemicellulose and cellulose were significantly (Px0.0 1) higher for all the experimental
diets over control in both systems of management whereas CF and NFE digestibility
coefficients were higher in intensive system.
In the digestibility experiment with adult sheep, significantly (P<0.01) higher
digestibility coefficients (%) were recorded for DM, OM, CP, CF, hemicellulose and
cellulose in intensive system and for NFE in semi intensive system. DCP and TDN
values were comparable among all test diets and control and the values were also
higher than recommendations of NRC (1985). The protein : energy ratios were wider in
all the experimental diets indicate protein dilution. NDMD values of Amlla pinnata
and sheanut cake were 64.27 and 57.56 respectively. Significantly (P<0.01) higher
IVDMD was observed for experimental diet T4 over other test diets and control diet. In
sacco DM disappearance and CP degradability (%), PD and ED were higher in test
diets over control diet. Blood biochemical profiles showed that serum albumin level of weaners were significantly higher for T2 diet in intensive system at P(0.05 and in semi intensive
system at P<0.01. Total protein, blood glucose, total cholesterol, BUN and creatinine
values were not significant among the test diets and systems. The calcium and
phosphorus levels among the experimental diets groups were significantly (Pc0.01)
higher in semi intensive system whereas no significant difference was observed in
intensive system for phosphorous levels. The values of blood biochemical profiles of
the experimental groups were within the normal range.
SGOT, SGPT levels among the test groups and systems were comparable and
within the normal range. Haematological values Hb, RBC, WBC and PCV showed non
significant difference among the test diets and control. All the haematological values
for the experimental diets and systems fell within normal range.
In Intensive system, significantly (P<0.01) higher dressing per cent on empty
live weight basis was recorded for T2 than other test diets, whereas, dressing per cent
on pre slaughter weight basis and hot carcass weight values were significantly (P<0.01)
higher in test diets over control diet. All the test diets fell within the normal range of
dressing per cent for Nellore sheep (FAO, 1982)
The results of the study indicate that Azolla and Sheanut can be used upto 30
and 16 parts in place of GNC and Rice bran, respectively and incorporation of both had
further improved their utilization. The diets containing 30 parts of Azolla + 16 parts of
Sheanut cake could maintain the normal growth rate of Nellore weaners and adult
sheep economically. Hence, all the experimental diets were recommended for the
development of feeding systems of Nellore sheep in intensive system
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