DEVELOPMENT OF SENSOR BASED PADDY PLANTER FOR AUTOMATIC SEEDING
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Date
2023-04-26
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ACHARYA NG RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
Abstract
In India, Paddy (Oryza Sativa L.) is cultivated over an area of 43.79 million hectares with a total production of 121.1 million tons and a yield of 2,578 kg per ha. Sowing is the most important agricultural operation and seed planter must hold the seed and transport it into the field. The seed planter mechanism should have the proper transmission of seed in the required spacing, and cover the furrow after the seed is laid. Seed drills and planters are mainly driven mechanically by a ground wheel with chain drive and gear. Due to mechanical driven seed metering mechanism, the required spacing was not achieved in case of paddy seeds.
A mechatronic based seed metering mechanism operated with sensors eliminates the problem of continuous drilling of paddy seeds and can significantly increase the performance of planting also the accuracy of the work. In view of this, the present study was conducted on the "Development of sensor based paddy planter for automatic seeding”. Considering the role of physical properties in developing different parts of seed metering mechanism, properties for a variety of paddy BPT 5204 was measured. The average values of length, width, and thickness of BPT-5204 were found with the range of 6.77 to 8.17; 1.92 to 2.40 and 1.50 to 1.84 mm respectively. The equivalent diameter varied from 2.79 to 3.23 mm and sphericity varied from 0.37 to 0.42. The coefficient of friction of seeds of BPT 5204 for different materials such as mild steel sheet, plywood, and fiber ranges from 0.404 - 0.424, 0445-0.509, and 0.424- 0.445 respectively.
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An attempt was made to develop a mechatronic based seed metering mechanism to control the seed to seed spacing using pulse width modulation i.e, timer delay in the microcontroller and evaluated its performance both in laboratory and field conditions through studying the effect of different forward speed (1.0, 1.5, 2, 2.5 km h-1),stoppage time (0-0.5, 0.5-1, 1.0-1.5, 1.5-2.0 s), inclination angles (45˚,50˚and 60˚) and groove openings (all, four and three groove openings).
In the effect of different forward speeds with seed metering plate speeds under 45˚,50˚and 60˚ with above conditions of seed metering plate, it was noticed that the achieved spacing was 26.10 cm under 60˚ at a forward speed of 1.0kmph under three grooves. At a forward speed of 1.5 and 2.0 km h-1 under four grooves opening condition, the achieved spacing was 23.83 cm and 25.58 cm. So, the inclination angle of 60˚ was suitable for paddy. In studying the effect of timer delay under different forward speeds at 60˚, it was observed that with three grooves opening condition, at a forward speed of 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 km h-1 with a delay time of 2.0 s, 1.5 s and 2.0 s the achieved spacing was 25.33 cm, 25.00 cm and 25.60 cm respectively. Similar desired spacing of 24.50 cm, 25.40 cm and 25.40 cm were achieved at forward speeds of 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 km h-1 with a delay time of 2.0 s, 1.5 s and 2.0 s under four groove opening condition of seed metering plate. The developed mechatronic based seed metering system performance was excellent in field as well as in laboratory on the basis of desired seed spacing, negligible missing and multiple index and highest quality feed index during forward speed of 2 to 2.5 km h-1 under 60˚ inclination angle. The cost of operation of the unit was estimated as Rs. 761.57 per hour.
Keywords: Paddy; Mechatronic metering mechanism; Pulse width modulation; Timer delay; Seed to seed spacing and Cost economics
Description
DEVELOPMENT OF SENSOR BASED PADDY PLANTER FOR AUTOMATIC SEEDING