MANAGEMENT OF CLAY SODIC SOILS FOR ENHANCING SUGARCANE PRODUCTIVITY IN SOUTH GUJARAT
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Date
2006-03
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Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari
Abstract
In the present study, one each of pot and field experiment was
conducted during the years 2003, 2004 and 2005. A pot experiment
consisting of three varieties of sugarcane (V1: CoN 91131, V2: CoN 91132
and V3: CoN 85134) and four levels of sodicity (S1: 6.1, S2: 15.8, S3: 22.7
and S4: 31.6 ESP) was conducted in a factorial CRD with three repetitions.
Similarly, a field experiment consisting of two levels each of amendment
(A0: no amendment and A1: gypsum @ 75% GR + FYM @ 10 t/ha), plant
populations (P1: normal and P2: 1.25 times than normal), planting methods
(M1: normal and M2: paired row) and N levels (N1: 100% RDN and N2:
125% RDN) was conducted on farmer's field in a factorial RBD with three
replications.
Pot experiment: Among the varieties, CoN 91132 (V2) was found
relatively more sodicity tolerant than remaining two varieties. This variety
recorded higher values of almost all the growth parameters and produced
10.2, 2.4 and 8.2 per cent more cane, trash and root yields, respectively
than V1 (CoN 91131) and 20.4, 17.9 and 24.5 per cent, respectively than
V3 (CoN 85134). Variety CoN 91132 removed significantly higher amount
of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and Na and recorded lower Na/K and Na/Ca ratios in
all the components of sugarcane as compared to rest of the varieties. Not
only this, variety V2 was better in juice quality and gave 30.0 and 22.4 per
cent higher CCS yield than V3 and V1, respectively.
Soil sodicity levels had significant impact on growth and yield of
sugarcane. With increase in levels of soil sodicity, there was significant
decrease in all the growth parameters and yield, but the decrease was more
pronounced from S1 to S2 (7 to 28%) than from S2 to S3 (3 to 14%) or S3 to
S4 (1 to 9%). The level S1 gave 17.3, 24.5 and 37.2 per cent higher cane
yield as compared to S2, S3 and S4, respectively. Similar trend was also
observed incase of uptake of all the nutrients studied, but ratio of Na/K and
Na/Ca in cane, trash and root was found to increase with increase in soil
sodicity. Increase in levels of soil sodicity also deteriorated the juice
quality, as evident from decrease in CCS yield from S1 to S2 by 19.0 per
cent, S2 to S3 by 9.2 per cent and S3 to S4 by 18.3 per cent. In all the soils
(S1 to S4), the chemical and fertility parameters recorded after harvest of
crop showed declining trend in comparison to initial values. The extent of
decline in ESP as compared to initial value was higher in S4 as compared
to rest of the soils.
The interaction effect between variety and soil sodicity was
significant only on CCS yield. Among the combinations, V2S1 recorded
significantly higher CCS yield (63.3 g/pot) as compared to rest of the
treatments.
Field experiment: The results revealed that application of gypsum+FYM
had significant positive effect on all the growth parameters and ultimately
on cane yield. This treatment recorded additional yield of 14.1 t/ha and 3.3
t/ha cane and trash, respectively over no amendment. Similarly, application
of amendment significantly increased the total uptake of N, P, K, Ca, Mg,
S and Na by 31.2, 28.1, 30.5, 49.3, 16.3, 41.4 and 11.8 per cent,
respectively over no amendment. In contrast, reverse trend was observed
incase of Na/K and Na/Ca ratio in cane and trash of sugarcane.
Amendment treatment also improved the juice quality parameters and CCS
yield as well. Application of gypsum+FYM also significantly improved the
chemical, fertility and physical properties of soil by decreasing pH, ESP
and EMgP and increasing organic C, available N, P, S and WSA as well as
IR.
Maintaining higher plant population of sugarcane registered
significantly more number of millable canes (89467/ha) than normal
population level (74115/ha) and ultimately recorded 16.5 and 14.5 per cent
higher cane and trash yield, respectively. Similar trend was observed
incase of total uptake of nutrients and CCS yield. Among the soil
properties, only organic C (0-20 cm) was affected significantly due to
population levels and it was more with higher population levels than
normal.
Sugarcane planted in paired row method improved some of the
growth parameters (tillering and number of millable canes/ha) and millable
cane and trash yields significantly. The yield recorded with paired row
planting was 67.6 t/ha cane and 17.3 t/ha trash as against 61.2 t/ha cane
and 15.3 t/ha trash with normal planting method. Paired row planting had
also favourable effect on uptake of nutrients except Na. But this method of
planting recorded lower Na/Ca ratio in trash (0.433) than normal planting
(0.481). As far as soil properties is concerned, paired row planting reduced
EC and ESP in surface soil by 8 per cent and consequently improved the
infiltration rate by 15.5 per cent
Significant effect of N levels was observed on tillering and cane as
well as trash yields. Application of 125% of RDN recorded significantly
higher values of these parameters as compared to 100% RDN. This was
true incase of total uptake of N, P, K and S as well as CCS yield. The soil
chemical, fertility and physical properties were not affected significantly
by levels of N except available N content in soil which was significantly
higher with N2.
In all the cases, interaction effect failed to reach the level of
significance except the nutrient uptake by sugarcane. In general,
combination involving A1, P2, M2, N2 showed superiority over rest of the
combinations.
From economic point of view, the CBR obtained with different
treatments was in the order of N2 (2.30) >P2 (2.27) >M2 (2.21) >A1 (2.02).
Description
Keywords
bacteria, plasmids, acidity, curing (processing), oligosaccharides, poultry equipment, animal husbandry, organic acids, resins, enzymes