Biochemical mapping of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) germplasm for bioactive compounds
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Date
2012
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Publisher
PAU
Abstract
The present investigation reports the physicochemical properties and biochemical diversity in contents of nutrients, antinutrients and bioactive compounds in 140 soybean genotypes (74 local genotypes, 51 otypes from other parts of India and 15 exotic genotypes). Soybean genotypes exhibited 38.4-46.5% protein, 20.8-23.6% oil, 1.3-13.9% total soluble sugars, 0.24-13.8% sucrose, 2.50-33.5 mg/100g tocopherols, 8.9- 0.5 mg/g tannins, 11-38.3 mg/g phenols, 1.2-28.5 mg/g phytate and 11.3-142.5 mg/g Trypsin Inhibitor ctivity (TIA). The activities of lipoxygenases (LOX) were in the range from 242.5-2510.3 units/g for LOX-I and 05.1-661.75 units/g for LOX-II+III isozymes. Following screening studies on 140 soybean genotypes in 2009, 20 selected genotypes were sown in year 2010 at two different locations ie. Ludhiana and Gurdaspur and two different planting times viz. June and July with the aim to study the environmental effects on levels of nutrients, antinutrients and bioactive compounds significant effects of genotype, planting time, location and their interactions were observed on physicochemical characteristics, nutrients, inutrients and bioactive compounds of soybean genotypes grown in different environments. Gas Liquid hromatographic studies revealed significant variation for individual fatty acids among these genotypes. PLC analysis of different tocopherol isomers revealed highest contents of α, γ, δ and total tocopherols uring une planting both at Ludhiana and Gurdaspur. Although similar banding patterns of different subunits of β-conglycinin (7S) and glycinin (11S) storage proteins among 20 soybean genotypes were observed in electrophoretic studies but these genotypes showed differences in relative proportions of various bunits of 7S (α’,α and β) and 11S (acidic and basic) proteins in ensitometric analysis. Genotypes ‘SL 989’, ‘SL 992’ and ‘PK 1026’ exhibited higher protein, total sugars, sucrose and tocopherol content and omparatively lower contents of various antinutrients as compared to their mean values for 140 genotypes. These genotypes also exhibited low TIA, phytate and saponin content and higher protein, tocopherol content and seed yield across both locations and planting times. Genotypes ‘SL 313’, ‘SL 790’ and ‘YMV-35’ exhibited higher oil, 18:2 and 18:3 and lower 18:1 content as compared to other enotypes. Due to their stable performance across different environments, most of the selected genotypes can be considered important for developing new cultivars with improved nutritional quality traits.
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Keywords
Soybean, Nutrients, Antinutrients, Bioactive compounds, Planting time, Location, Seed storage proteins