Effect of sewage water and potting media on growth and flowering of Calendula (Calendula officinalis)
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Date
2019
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the interactive effect of treated sewage water and organic potting media on growth and flowering of Calendula officinalis. Four main organic potting media Soil + Farm Yard Manure (FYM), Cocopeat +Soil+ FYM, Cocopeat+ FYM and Cocopeat + Soil were used and plants were irrigated with Tap water (100%), Sewage water (100%), Tap water + Sewage water (75%:25%) and Tap water + Sewage water (50%:50%) .Maximum plant height (31.06 cm), plant spread (37.36 cm), number of branches / plant (22.87), early bud appearance (36.05 days), early flowering (42.60 days), more number of flowers/plant (36.68), more duration of flowering (96.74 days), larger flower size (5.61 cm) and individual flower life (9.67 days) of calendula were observed in Cocopeat + FYM. Sewage water (100%) showed maximum plant height (28.24 cm), plant spread (33.99 cm), number of branches/plant (18.62), early bud appearance (38.28 days), early flowering (43.40 days), more number of flowers/plant (32.80), more flowering duration (96.88 days), larger flower size (5.41 cm) and individual flower life (8.09 days) in calendula. Cocopeat + FYM shows the maximum EC(4.25 ds/m), percent available N (0.70%), percent available K (0.91%), total porosity (66.6 %) and minimum pH (7.23). Cocopeat + Soil + FYM shows maximum percent available P (0.53%).Sewage water (100%) shows maximum pH (7.74), EC (2.13 dS/m), N (0.92mg L-1), P (1.63 mg L-1) and K (24.15 mg L-1). Tap water shows minimum N, P and K.Sewage water (100%) shows maximum lead (3.61 mg L-1), cadium (0.33 mg L-1), chromium (3.62 mg L-1), nickel (8.71 mg L-1) and tap water (100%) shows minimum lead, cadmium, chromium and nickel.
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