EVALUATION OF WATER REGIMES AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON RICE-RICE CROPPING SYSTEM UNDER TRANSPLANTED AND MODIFIED SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (MoSRI)
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Date
2017
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Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur
Abstract
Present investigation entitled “Evaluation of water regimes and nutrient management on rice-rice cropping system under transplanted and modified system of rice intensification (MoSRI)” was conducted for consecutive seasons of kharif and rabi 2015-16 and 2016-17 at the ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research,
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad (Telangana). The soil of the experimental field was clayey in texture (Vertisols) and was near neutral (7.8±0.05) in reaction. The available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content were low, high and high, respectively. The climate of the region is semi-arid with an average rainfall of 900 mm year-1. The crop received 331.5, 177.2, 785.9 and 16.4 mm rainfall during crop period of kharif 2015, rabi 2015-16, kharif 2016 and rabi 2016-17, respectively. Treatments comprised of two establishment methods viz. normal transplanting (M1) and modified system of rice intensification (M2); three irrigation regimes viz. saturation (I1), 5 cm water level depletion in perched water tube from soil surface (I2) and 10 cm water level depletion in perched water tube from soil surface (I3); and three nutrient levels viz. 100% RDN through inorganic (N1), 125% RDN through inorganic (N2) and 50% inorganic + 50% organic (based on % nitrogen content) (N3). The treatments were replicated thrice. Rice variety 'DRR Dhan 42' was taken as test crop during the course of investigation. Influence of above treatments was studied and their effect on growth behavior and other parameters like yield attributes, yield, soil nutrient availability, nutrient uptake, quality, economics and energetics were assessed and analyzed.
Result of the experiment on growth parameters of rice i.e. number of tillers hill-1, number of leaves hill-1, leaf area, dry matter accumulation, root length and root volume were recorded highest under modified SRI. However, leaf area index and leaf area duration were recorded higher under normal transplanting during both the seasons and years. Days to 50% panicle exertion and days to 50% flowering were longer in normal transplanting over modified SRI. Modified SRI recorded significantly higher yield parameters of rice viz. number of panicles hill-1 (143.48 and 153.94 %, in kharif and rabi mean respectively), panicle weight, panicle length and grains panicle-1. However, establishment methods showed no significant differences for number of panicles (m-2), test weight, sterility percentage and harvest index. Normal transplanting method of establishment managed to produce 9.85 and 8.13 %, increase
in grain yield during kharif and rabi seasons, respectively (mean data) but the differences were non-significant. Similarly, the straw yield was increased by 9.14 and
8.80 %, in kharif and rabi respectively over modified SRI.
Influence of establishment methods on uptake of N, P and K by both grain and
straw; available soil N, P and K in rice after harvest, hulling percentage, milling percentage and head rice recovery in rice was found non-significant. The amount of irrigation water applied was 32.94 and 21.50 %, more in kharif and rabi season respectively, total water applied (19.88 and 21.20 % higher, in kharif and rabi mean respectively) and irrigation water productivity (6.74 and 5.56 %, higher in kharif and rabi rabi mean respectively) were found higher under normal transplanting over modified SRI. However, effective rainfall recorded during both the kharif seasons of both the years was found higher under modified SRI over normal transplanting.
Modified SRI method of rice establishment recorded lower cost of cultivation, net return (4.90 and 7.95 %, in kharif and rabi mean respectively) and energy input (4.58 and 4.23 %, in kharif and rabi mean respectively) as compared to normal transplanting. However, under method of establishments, MoSRI recorded higher value of B:C ratio (2.10 and 1.83 in kharif and rabi mean respectively) and energy intensity (4.21 and 3.74 MJ E-1 in kharif and rabi mean respectively) were recorded as compared to normal transplanting.
Among water regimes, significantly higher growth parameters of rice i.e. number of tillers hill-1, number of leaves hill-1, leaf area, leaf area index, leaf area duration and dry matter accumulation and yield parameters viz. number of panicles (in both, m-2 and hill-1), grains panicle-1 and panicle weight were recorded significantly higher under saturation throughout lifecycle over irrigation at 10 cm water level depletion in perched water tube from soil surface. The days to 50% panicle exertion and days to 50% flowering were longer under saturation throughout lifecycle.
However, root length and root volume were recorded significantly superior under 10 cm water level depletion in perched water tube from soil surface at all the growth stages except at 30 DAT. Sterility percentage was lower under saturation throughout lifecycle of crop as compared to other water regimes during both the seasons and years. Water regime of saturation throughout lifecycle of crop produced 12.25 and 14.14 %, higher grain yield during kharif and rabi (mean data), respectively and 10.48 and 13.96 % higher straw yield over water regime of irrigation at 10 cm water level depletion in perched water tube from soil surface.
Amongst water regimes, the uptake of N and K by grain, straw and total uptake was found significantly higher under saturation throughout lifecycle of crop and was found on par with irrigation at 5 cm water level depletion in perched water tube from soil surface. However uptake of P by grain, straw and total uptake were found on par under different irrigation regimes, Also available soil N, P and K in rice after harvest of each rice crop irrespective of season and quality parameters (hulling percentage, milling percentage and head rice recovery) during both the kharif seasons showed non-significant differences towards water regimes. However, during rabi seasons of both the years, significantly higher quality parameters (hulling percentage milling percentage and head rice recovery) were recorded under water regime of saturation throughout lifecycle of crop.
Similarly, irrigation water applied was 24.77 and 21.75 %, higher in kharif and
rabi (mean data), respectively and total water applied was 16.58 and 19.86 %, higher in kharif and rabi (mean data), respectively under saturation throughout lifecycle. With respect to economic returns, water regimes of saturation throughout lifecycle recorded higher cost of cultivation, net return (21.07 and 26.68 %, in kharif and rabi mean respectively), B:C ratio (10.88 and 10.52 %, in kharif and rabi mean respectively), energy output : input ratio (14.71 and 2.91 %, in kharif and rabi mean data), and energy intensity in economic terms (9.07 and 7.75 %, in kharif and rabi mean data) over water regime of irrigation at 5 cm water level depletion in perched water tube from soil surface during both the seasons and years. Nutrient levels, did not indicate any significant variation on growth parameters i.e. number of leaves hill-1, although numerically higher number of tillers, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index, leaf area duration, SPAD value, dry matter accumulation; yield parameters i.e. number of panicles (m-2 and hill-1), panicle length, panicle weight and number of grains panicle-1; grain and straw yield were observed under 125% RDN through inorganic sources at all the observational stages and was followed by 100% RDN through inorganic sources. Also, 125% RDN through inorganic sources gave higher gross return (79,885 and 75,101 E ha-1 in kharif and rabi mean respectively), net return (44,211 and 37,334 E ha-1 in kharif and rabi mean respectively), B:C ratio (2.24 and 1.99 in kharif and rabi mean respectively), gross energy output (158.8 and 158.4 GJ ha-1 in kharif and rabi mean respectively), net energy output (149.4 and 147.3 GJ ha-1 in kharif and rabi mean respectively) and energy intensity in economic terms (4.54 and 4.21 MJ E-1 in kharif and rabi mean data) over other nutrient levels.
As regards to interaction effect between establishment methods, irrigation regimes and nitrogen levels, higher cost of cultivation was recorded under normal transplanting x saturation throughout lifecycle of crop x 50% RDN through inorganic + 50% through organic source. Highest gross return, net return, energy input and energy output was obtained under normal transplanting x saturation throughout lifecycle of crop x 125% RDN through inorganic. However, higher B:C ratio was found under modified SRI x irrigation at 5 cm water level depletion in perched water tube from soil surface x 125% RDN through inorganic.
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