A STUDY ON DAIRY PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN EAST GODAVARI DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH
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Date
2018-03
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
An investigation was conducted to study the dairy production management
practices, cost of milk production and constraints perceived by the Godavari delta,
upland and agency milk producers of East Godavari district in Andhra Pradesh. The
cattle and buffalo population increased by 13.98 and 27.40 per cent, respectively,
during the period from 1993 to 2012 in the district. The contribution of buffalo milk
ranged from 71.68 to 77.76 per cent of the total milk production in the district during
the 12 years period. The mean total number of buffaloes per milk producer was significantly
(p ≤ .05) higher in Godavari delta area (5.78 ± 1.03) than that in upland (3.75 ± 0.29)
and agency area (3.70 ± 0.33). The average total number of cattle was significantly
(p ≤ .01) higher in the agency area (2.96 ± 0.45) than that in Godavari delta and
upland area. The average age at first calving, service period, calving interval and dry
period of graded Murrah buffaloes was significantly (p ≤ .01) lower in Godavari delta
than that in upland and agency area. The mean peak yield, lactation milk yield and
lactation period of graded Murrah buffaloes was significantly (p ≤ .01) higher in
Godavari delta than that in upland and agency area. The service period, calving interval and dry period of local buffaloes was significantly lower in upland than that in the agency area. The average peak yield, lacatation milk yield and lactation period of local buffaloes was significantly (p ≤ .01) higher in upland than that in agency area. The mean age at first calving and dry period of crossbred cows was significantly (p ≤ .01) lower in Godavari delta than that in upland area. There was no significant difference in the service period, calving
interval, peak yield, lactation milk yield and lactation period between Godavari delta
and upland area. The mean age at first calving, service period, calving interval and
dry period of local cows was significantly (p ≤ .01) lower in Godavari delta than that
in the upland area. The average peak yield and lacatation milk yield of local cows was
significantly higher in Godavari delta than that in upland area. The practice of rearing of high milk yielding dairy animals i.e., graded Murrah buffaloes and crossbred cows was higher in Godavari delta (85%) followed by upland (63%) and agency area (13%). Adoption of A.I in dairy animals was higher in the Godavari delta (95%) and upland (84%) than that in agency area (54%). Majority of milk producers bred their dairy animals between 3-5 months after calving in the Godavari delta (86%) followed by upland (81%) and agency area (68%). Most of the milk producers adopted pregnancy diagnosis in Godavari delta (99%), upland (99%) and agency area (80%). Overall majority of dairy animals calved in rainy season
(66.67%) followed by winter (32.00%) and summer season (1.33%) in the study area.
The practice of green fodder production was higher in Godavari delta (78%)
and upland area (61%) than that in agency area (13%). The practice of chaffing of
green fodder was very low in the entire study area. Majority of milk producers
provided home made concentrate mixture in the upland (98%) followed by Godavari
delta (90%) and agency area (85%). Most of the milk producers practiced soaking of
concentrates in agency area (71%) followed by Godavari delta (60%) and upland area
(51%). Most of the milk producers provided concentrate feed to milch animals on flat
rate basis in Godavari delta (81%), upland (96%) and agency area (85%). Overall
supplementation of mineral mixture and common salt in the feed was practiced by 29
and 9 per cent of milk producers, respectively, in the study area. The practice of extra
concentrate feeding during advanced pregnancy was higher in Godavari delta (42%)
followed by upland (27%) and agency area (13%). Majority of milk producers in
upland (95%), Godavari delta (87%) and agency area (77%) provided drinking water
to milk animals from tube well. Majority of milk producers in agency (94%) and upland area (77%) located the animal shed separately nearer to their dwelling, whereas in Godavari delta area, most of the milk producers (51%) located the shed far away from their dwelling.
Kutcha type of flooring was provided in the sheds by majority of milk producers in
upland (99%) followed by Godavari delta (82%), whereas cement type of floor was
provided by only 18 per cent of milk producers in Godavari delta area. Thatched
roofing was practiced by majority of milk producers in agency (98%) followed by
upland (94%) and Godavari delta (72%). Wallowing of buffaloes was practiced by
most of the milk producers in Godavari delta (61%) followed by upland area (47%).
Colostrum feeding to new born calf within one to two hours of birth was
practiced by most of milk producers in Godavari delta (85%) followed by upland
(39%) and agency area (16%). Overall 62.67 per cent of milk producers allowed calf
to suckle milk from mother before and after milking. Very few milk producers in
Godavari delta (29%), upland (20%) and agency area (9%) adopted feeding of calf
starter to calves. Overall calf mortality was more in winter (69.67%) followed by
rainy (32.67%) and summer season (1.66%). Knuckling method of milking was practiced by majority of milk producers in Godavari delta area (93%), upland (90%) and agency area (87%). Washing of udder and utensils with clean water before milking was practiced by all the milk producers in the study area. Majority of milk producers in Godavari delta (90%) and upland area (56%) marketed the milk to the cooperative and private dairies, whereas, agency milk producers (65%) marketed milk to milk vendors because of very limited organized
market in agency (hilly) area. The average net income per litre was higher in graded Murrah buffaloe than that in crossbred and local cow. The average cost of milk production and net income per litre in graded Murrah buffaloes was significantly (p ≤ .01) higher in Godavari
delta than that in upland and agency area. The average cost of milk production and net
income per litre in local buffalo was significantly (p ≤ .01) higher in upland area than
that in agency area. There was no significant difference in the cost of milk production
and net income per litre in crossbred cows between Godavari delta and upland area.
The average cost of milk production and net income per litre in local cow was
significantly (p ≤ .01) higher in Godavari delta than that in upland and agency area.
High cost of pure bred buffaloes and crossbred cows, non remunerative price for milk,
high cost of feed ingredients and high incidence of repeat breeding in dairy animals
were found to be major constraints felt by the milk producers in the study area.
Problem of anestrous, repeat breeding in buffaloes, lack of sufficient knowledge to the
farmers about scientific feeding and management, inadequate facilities for diagnostic
purpose and specialized treatment were some of the constraints felt by the field
veterinarians for increasing the milk production in East Godavari district. More
technical services, inputs and extension services are to be provided to the milk
producers in agency and upland areas so as to increase the adoption of the best
feeding and management practices in dairy animals in agency and upland areas of
East Godavari district.
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