Diallel analysis for combining ability and heterosis for various qualitative and quantitative traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)
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Date
2019-07
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out during Rabi 2018-2019 at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India. The investigation was carried out with ten parental lines of wheat and their forty-five crosses in half diallel fashion with the objective to study genetic variability parameters, combining ability analysis and heterosis for yield and its contributing traits. The experiment was carried out in randomized block design with three replications and observations were recorded for twelve characters viz., days to 75% heading, days to maturity, flag leaf area, number of productive tillers/plant, plant height, spike length, number of spikelets/spike, number of grains/spike, thousand grain weight, biological yield/plant, grain yield/plant and harvest index.
Results obtained revealed that the differences among the genotypes were highly significant for all the characters studied. This showed the presence of significant variability among the genotypes for all the characters studied. Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) was higher than Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) for all the characters studied. The magnitude of PCV and GCV was highest in case of number of productive tillers/plant. The relative estimates of variance due to SCA were higher than the variance due to GCA for most of the traits studied indicating the predominance of non-additive gene action. Among the parents, CAL/NH//H567.71/3/SER1/4/CAL/NH//H567.71/5/2*KAU2/6/… can be ranked as the best parent as it combined well for the highest number of quantitative characters followed by UP 2762 and VORB/SOKOLL. The crosses VORB/SOKOLL × QLD 73, VORB/SOKOLL × QLD 65 and HD 3234 × UP 2762 were found as good cross combinations for maximum number of traits. Best crosses based on highest SCA effects in desirable direction were VORB/SOKOLL × QLD 73 for days to 75% heading and number of grains per spike, VORB/SOKOLL × QLD 65 for days to maturity and biological yield/plant, HUW 640 × QLD 65 for flag leaf area, UP 2762 x QLD 73 for number of productive tillers/plant, HUW 640 × VORB/SOKOLL for plant height, HD 3234 × UP 2762 for spike length and number of spikelets/spike, HD 3234 × PBW 692 for thousand grain weight, CAL/NH//H567.71/3/SER1/4/CAL/NH//H567.71/5/2*KAU2/6/… × PBW 692 for grain yield/plant and PBW 692 × QLD 73 for harvest index. It is advocated that the good combiner genotypes could be used in crossing programme and the crosses having significant SCA effects can be utilized for getting transgressive segregants. The best heterotic cross for grain yield/plant was CAL/NH//H567.71/3/ SER1/4/CAL/NH//H567.71/5/2*KAU2/6/… × PBW 692 on the basis of high estimates of relative
heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis and could be used in further breeding programmes.
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