EVALUATION OF TRAP DESIGNING, MASS TRAPPING AND MATING DISRUPTION PASTE APPLICATION TECHNOLOGY FOR MANAGEMENT OF BRINJAL SHOOT AND FRUIT BORER 3770
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Date
2023-09
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JAU JUNAGADH
Abstract
The present investigations were framed to evaluate types of sex pheromone
traps, installation of sex pheromone traps at different trap densities, shelf life, release
rate and effectiveness of the Gir Sawaj MDP for the management of shoot and fruit
borer in brinjal. The field studies were carried out on farmers' fields at Kalana,
Khadiya and Nani-Parabdi villages of Junagadh district, while laboratory experiments
were taken at Biocontrol Research Laboratory, Department of Entomology, JAU,
Junagadh during the year 2020-21 to 2022-23.
The funnel diameter of 13 cm and 11 cm catches the highest (47.95 and 46.81
moth catches/trap/week, respectively) number of moths. From five different trap
design evaluated, the modified sex pheromone trap and modified sex pheromone trap
without bottom ring recorded the highest moth catches which was 47.89 and 46.63
moths/trap/week.
Among the different traps available for mass trapping of brinjal shoot and fruit
borer, the Gir Sawaj sex pheromone trap exhibited superior efficacy by catching the
highest moth population of 47.09 moth catches/trap/week.
The sex pheromone traps installed @ 50 and 40 traps/ha recorded the lowest
(8.47-23.63% and 8.88-24.22%, respectively) percentage of shoot damage, fruit
damage (4.94-20.91% and 5.23-21.49%, respectively) and the highest (36.85 and
36.00 moths/trap/week, respectively) moth catches. The study concluded that a trap
density of 40 pheromone traps per hectare is optimal for managing shoot and fruit
borer infestation in brinjal.
The concentration of pheromone in Gir Sawaj MDP slightly decreases over
time under ambient room temperature storage conditions. The decay curve analysis
revealed that the reduction of pheromone concentration was 0.43%, 1.71%, 2.56%,
3.85%, 4.70% and 5.98% after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 months after manufacturing,
respectively. To maintain the vitality of the pheromone present in Gir Sawaj MDP
formulation, it can be stored for up to six months of duration under ambient room
temperature conditions.
The concentration of pheromone in Gir Sawaj MDP decreases gradually over
time and the paste needs to be re-applied after a certain duration to ensure the
reduction of pests. The decay curve analysis revealed that the reduction in pheromone
content was 25.94%, 45.19%, 63.60% and 92.89% after 10, 20, 30 and 40 days,
respectively. The study also revealed that the residual pheromone in Gir Sawaj MDP
decreased from 100% on the day of application to 7.11% after 40 days. However, the
release of pheromone persisted until the residues were depleted, with stronger
adhesive forces leading to a slower release of pheromone over time. The release rate
of pheromone in Gir Sawaj MDP for brinjal shoot and fruit borer is gradual, and the
paste needs to be re-applied periodically to maintain its effectiveness.
The recommended dose of Gir Sawaj MDP @ 400 g/ha was evaluated with the
farmers' practices. The pooled results of two years showed that the lowest (1.26%)
percentage of shoot damage and fruit damage (1.06%) was recorded in the Gir Sawaj
MDP @ 400 g/ha as compared to farmers’ practices. The treatment also led to a
reduction of moth catches (4.48 moths/traps/week) and an increase in brinjal yield
(33036 kg/ha). Moreover, Gir Sawaj MDP @ 400 g/ha had higher economic feasibility
with net realization of ₹88280/ha and ICBR of 1:10.90 as compared to farmers'
practices. Therefore, Gir Sawaj MDP was found to be superior to farmers' practices for
the effective management of shoot and fruit borer in brinjal.
From the overall results of the present investigations, it can be concluded that
for the mass trapping, installation of sex pheromone trap having funnel diameter of 11-
13 cm @ 40 traps/ha or for the mating disruption, three applications of Gir Sawaj
MDP @ 400 g/ha, first application at 15 days after transplanting and subsequent two
applications at 40 days interval was found effective and economical for the
management of shoot and fruit borer in brinjal crop. The pheromone in paste exhibited
a slow release rate up to 40 days and it can be stored for up to six months of duration
under ambient room temperature conditions