Soil macro invertebrate diversity in relation to different organic applications in maize-wheat cropping system.

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dc.contributor.advisorRajwinder Singh
dc.contributor.authorGarg, Geetika
dc.date.accessioned2023-06-29T07:31:44Z
dc.date.available2023-06-29T07:31:44Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractPresent investigation on soil macro invertebrate diversity in relation to different organic applications like farmyard manure (7.5 t/ha and 15 t/ha), biochar (2 t/ha and 4 t/ha) and green manure in maize-wheat cropping system was carried during 2020-21. Wheat crop was harboured by 39 species, out of which 12 species (5 orders and 10 families) were present within soil and 27 species (7 orders and 16 families) on soil/plant surface whereas maize crop was harboured by 53 species, out of which 17 species (7 orders and 13 families) were present within soil and 36 species (9 orders and 25 families) on soil surface being dominated by coleoptera. In wheat and maize crops, higher value of Shannon-Wiener index (2.11 and 2.22), species evenness (0.90 and 0.82), species richness (11 and 15) and lower value of Simpson’s index (0.15 and 0.14) were recorded within soil invertebrates in farmyard manure plots (15 t/ha). In wheat crop, total macro invertebrate population within soil present in farmyard manure (15 t/ha), biochar (4 t/ha) and green manure plots was 2.08, 1.27 and 1.51 times more than conventional plots whereas in maize crop, it was 2.15, 1.28 and 1.60 times more than conventional plots. Higher macro invertebrate population within soil was recorded in treated plots of maize crop (23.06-46.72%) as compared to conventional plots (5.33-14.03%) over preceding wheat crop. In wheat crop, total invertebrate population within soil was distributed from November-April (higher incidence during March) and ranged from 285.44-546.28 in treated as compared to conventional (261.83) being highest in farmyard manure (15 t/ha) plots. Similarly, in maize crop, total invertebrate population within soil was distributed from June-September (higher incidence during August) and ranged from 1260.72634.01 in treated as compared to conventional (585.40) being highest in farmyard manure (15 t/ha) plots. Among macro invertebrates on soil surface for both crops, higher value of ShannonWiener index (2.78 and 3.37), species evenness (0.85 and 0.96), species richness (26 and 36) and lower value of Simpson’s index (0.08 and 0.04) were recorded in farmyard manure (15 t/ha) plots. In wheat and maize crops, total phytophagous invertebrate population among various treated plots varied from 793.0-1494.03 and 73.57-121.0 whereas predacious population varied from 63.72142.82 and 28.60-79.0, being lowest in biochar (4 t/ha) plots. In wheat crop, invertebrates had positive correlation (+0.03 to +0.77) with soil temperature and negative correlation with soil moisture (-0.17 to -0.99) whereas positive correlation (+0.25 to +0.90) with atmospheric temperature and negative correlation with relative humidity (-0.06 to -0.83). In maize crop, invertebrates had positive correlation with soil temperature and soil moisture (+0.10 to +0.99), atmospheric temperature and relative humidity (+0.04 to +0.64). Thus, addition of different organic applications for land management practices, increases organic carbon and soil macro invertebrate population which may further improves soil health and hence, crop yield.en_US
dc.identifier.citationGarg, Geetika (2022). Soil macro invertebrate diversity in relation to different organic applications in maize-wheat cropping system. (Unpublished M.Sc. thesis). Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810197850
dc.keywordsBiochar, farmyard manure, green manuring, invertebrates, maize crop, wheat cropen_US
dc.language.isoEnglishen_US
dc.pages196en_US
dc.publisherPunjab Agricultural University, Ludhianaen_US
dc.research.problemSoil macro invertebrate diversity in relation to different organic applications in maize-wheat cropping system.en_US
dc.subZoologyen_US
dc.themeSoil macro invertebrate diversity in relation to different organic applications in maize-wheat cropping system.en_US
dc.these.typeM.Scen_US
dc.titleSoil macro invertebrate diversity in relation to different organic applications in maize-wheat cropping system.en_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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