CYTOLOGICAL, PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON CANINE CUTANEOUS NEOPLASMS
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Date
2023-04
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to know the occurrence of canine cutaneous
neoplasms, to classify and study the gross, cytology, histopathology and AgNOR count
and to evaluate different tumor markers by IHC.
In the present study, 62 canine cutaneous neoplasms were histologically
classified into 19 types, of which epithelial neoplasms (59.7%) had the highest
occurrence followed by mesenchymal (17.7%), round cell and melanocytic neoplasms
(11.3% each). The occurrence of malignant tumors (64.5%) was higher compared to
benign tumors (35.5%).
In the present study, dogs affected with cutaneous neoplasms ranged from 1 to
15 years of age with highest occurrence in 7 to 9 years age group. Males (71%) were
more affected than females (29%). The highest occurrence of canine cutaneous
neoplasms was recorded in Non - descript dogs followed by Labrador retriever and
Spitz. With respect to location, the occurrence was highest in head (37.1%) followed by
extremities (32.3%), trunk (19.4%) and neck (11.3%) regions.
Grossly, the tumors were 1 to 10 cm in diameter, round to oval, dome, irregular
and cauliflower shaped with soft to firm consistency.
Cytology of benign tumors revealed uniform to mild pleomorphic cells, low
nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio and condensed chromatin, while, cytology of malignant
tumors revealed high cellularity, moderate to severe pleomorphism, anisocytosis,
anisokaryosis, high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, single to multiple nuclei and nucleoli
and emperipolesis. The different histologic types of canine cutaneous neoplasms recorded in the
present study were papilloma (4.8%), basal cell carcinoma (12.9%), squamous cell
carcinoma (4.8%), basosquamous cell carcinoma (3.2%), trichoblastoma (6.5%),
sebaceous adenoma and sebaceous epithelioma (3.2% each), sebaceous carcinoma
(8.1%), hepatoid gland adenoma (6.5%), hepatoid gland carcinoma and apocrine gland
carcinoma (3.2% each), lipoma (3.2%), fibroma (1.6%), fibrosarcoma (8.1%),
haemangiopericytoma (1.6%), haemangioma (3.2%), plasma cell tumor (3.2%), mast
cell tumor (8.1%) and malignant melanoma (11.3%). Of all the histologic types, basal
cell carcinoma had the highest occurrence.
The proliferative cellular activity of canine cutaneous neoplasms was
demonstrated by AgNOR staining. The mean AgNOR count ranged from 1.68 to 3.08
and malignant tumors had higher AgNOR count compared to benign tumors.
Twenty three canine cutaneous tumors were subjected to immunostaining of
different tumor markers viz. cytokeratin, vimentin, S100 and CD117. Basal cell
carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma, hepatoid gland carcinoma
and apocrine gland carcinoma were positive to cytokeratin, fibrosarcoma and
haemangiopericytoma were positive to vimentin, mast cell tumors were positive to
CD117 and malignant melanomas were positive to S100 and vimentin.
The present study has provided certain insights on the occurrence of canine
cutaneous neoplasms in this geographical region of Andhra Pradesh. It has also put on
record the cytological, pathomorphological and immunohistochemical findings of
different canine cutaneous neoplasms.