Studies on Rhizoctonia solani inciting rice sheath blight and its eco- friendly management
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Date
2017-07
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Department of Plant Pathology, BAU, Sabour
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is grown as an important cereal crop all over the world, but extensively grown in South East Asian countries and is the richest source of energy and is an providing substantial amounts of the recommended nutrient intake of zinc and niacin. Among the various diseases sheath blight of rice caused by R. solani Kuhn is an economically important disease in India. Yield loss varies from 20 to 50%, depending on the weather conditions during the crop growth-period. The present investigation was undertaken to study the cultural and morphological characters of the pathogen, physiological studies and sustainable management of the disease. Fungicides and botanicals were screened for their antifungal activities against the pathogen under in vitro and soil amendments, botanical assess their effect on disease severity under pot culture condition.
The pathogen was isolated and maintained on PDA medium. It produced cottony white mycelium which later turned to brownish yellow to dark brown colonies on PDA. The late stage produced sclerotia of nearly uniform texture, irregular in shape with hard structure and brown to black in colour. Maximum radial growth and sclerotial formation was observed on PDA and Radish dextrose agar (RDA), respectively. The pathogen also showed differences in their sensitivity when exposed to different pH and temperatures. Sclerotia inoculation technique was best as compared to others.
Among fungicides tested in vitro, hexaconazole proved best followed by carbendazim. Among the botanicals, datura extract was found best antifungal compound followed by ashok.
In the pot experiments, soil amendments, neem cake amended with Trichoderma viride had shown the relative lesion height of 11.12% and maximum per cent disease reduction over control (82.75%), followed by farm yard manure amended with Trichoderma viride which had shown (17.95%) RLH and (72.16%) reduction over control. Among the botanicals, datura extract was found best antifungal compound followed by ashok.
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