Economic evaluation of climate smart agriculture technologies in Haryana
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Date
2023-03
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CCSHAU, Hisar
Abstract
Climate smart agriculture (CSA) is an approach which guides the actions to transform and re-orient the system of agriculture to increase agricultural productivity sustainably, adaptation to climate change and reduction of greenhouse gases emission. The climate smart agriculture technologies constituents a set of technologies grouped together to form five major components; carbon and energy smart technologies, knowledge smart technologies, nutrient smart technologies, water smart technologies and weather smart technologies. A purposive multistage sampling technique was used for selection of cultivators from both climate smart villages (CSVs) and non-climate smart (Non-CSVs) villages of both Kurukshetra and Sirsa districts selected purposively from east and west agro-climatic zone of Haryana. In Kurukshetra district, the increase in the returns over cost A2 + FL in CSVs as estimated through propensity score matching was found to be ₹3898.75, ₹6397.19 and ₹11457.74 for a hectare paddy, wheat and mustard, respectively with the adoption of CSA technologies. In Sirsa district, per hectare increase in returns over cost A2 + FL as estimated through PSM was calculated to be ₹6977.13, ₹10477.88, ₹7577.18 and ₹8859.20 for paddy, wheat, cotton and rice, respectively in CSVs. For cattle enterprise, an increase in returns over variable cost for both Kurukshetra (₹37.71 animal-1 day-1) and Sirsa district (₹42.45 animal-1 day-1) was estimated by PSM. Similarly, increment in returns over variable cost for buffalo were attained in CSVs of Kurukshetra district (₹45.87 animal-1 day-1) and Sirsa district (₹78.93 animal-1 day-1). Based on DID technique, increase of total farm income in Kurukshetra district (₹194074.30) and Sirsa district (₹92648.04) were attained in CSVs over non-CSVs. Pathway analysis revealed that CSA technologies had been proved to be very successful in attaining the goals of food security, adaptation and mitigation. The Improved crop varieties, laser land leveler, concentrate feeding for livestock, happy seeder, ICT based agro-met advisories, crop insurance and contingent crop measures were identified as high rated technologies whereas, zero till drill, green manuring, SSNM, super seeder, fodder management, intercropping with legumes were medium or poor rated technologies. The major constraints identified like land holding status, low education and skills, low profitability, lack of adequate credit facilities, delayed release of subsidies and lack of capacity building of cultivators were causing hindrance in the adoption of CSA technologies.