Characterization of germplasm lines for grain yield and its attributing traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)
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Date
2022-07
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell), an allohexaploid (2n-6x=42), is the premier food crop of worldwide importance. It is also a crop where conventional plant breeding has paid rich dividend as epitomized by the Green Revolution. The present investigation was conducted in Rabi season, 2020-21 at N. E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. The experimental materials for the present investigation comprised of 100 germplasm lines and four checks namely, UP 2903, UP 2855, UP2865 and UP 2572. These genotypes were evaluated in augmented block design and observations were recorded for 14 characters viz., days to 75% heading, days to maturity, flag leaf area, peduncle length, number of tillers per meter, plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000-grain weight, biological yield, grain yield per plot and harvest index. The data were recorded on five randomly selected plants per entry and analyzed for variability, diversity, clustering of genotypes in different groups and identification of superior genotypes for different characters. The coefficient of variability was found to be highest for grain yield and lowest for number of days to 75% heading. High estimates of both phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were observed for number of tillers/meter and flag leaf area. High estimates of heritability in broad sense accompanied with high estimates of genetic advance (GA) as percent of mean were recorded for the tillers number/meter, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index and flag leaf area, which indicated the presence of additive gene effects. These genotypes were grouped into 5 clusters by Non-hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis. The maximum number of genotypes (35) were included in cluster-IV followed by 22 genotypes in cluster-I, 21 genotypes in cluster-V, 14 genotypes in cluster-II and 12 genotypes in cluster-III. The intra cluster distance ranged from 3.9 (cluster-III) to 4.68 (cluster-V). The maximum inter cluster distance (6.03) was found between cluster-I and cluster-II, whereas minimum distance (5.2) was found between cluster-I and cluster-III. Larger the distance between the clusters better the chance of getting transgressive segregants through crossing among these genotypes. On the basis of findings of the study, five desirable donors for each character were identified on the basis of character means. The genotypes 53-IBWSN-P-40, 41-ESWYT-P-3, 53-IBWSN-P-200, 53-IBWSN-P-156 and 53-IBWSN-P-237 performed well for grain yield, hence these genotypes can be used in future breeding programme to improve grain yield. For other characters, genotypes can be picked up from different groups, formed on the basis of their ranking.