VARIABILITY AND INHERITANCE STUDIES IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea Linn.)
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Date
1988
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AAU, Anand
Abstract
The present Investigation was under taken with a view to estimate, laroad sense heritablllty, PCV, QCV, EGA and EGA expressed as percentage of mean for sixteen quantitative characters from 12 parental lines and 22 single cross F2 population, Inheritance of oil content, beak and constriction on pod, testa colour and Its variegation were also studied. In parental lines high heritability estimates were observed for days to flower Initiation, number of primary and secondary branches, plant height, 100 pod and kernel weight, oil per cent, haulm yield and harvest Index, Moderate heritability was recorded for number of free pegs, number of mature pods, pod yield, kernel yield and shelling percentage. Number of immature pods and number of keznaels had low heritability in parents. High heritability values were obtained for days to flower initiation, number of mature pods, 100 pod weight, 100 kernel weight, shelling percentage and harvest Index. Plant height, number of free pegs, number of Immature pods, pod yield, kernel yield, number of kernels, haulm yield and oil percentage showed moderate heritability estimate In F2. The rest of the traits showed low heritability in crosses. The GCV estimates were of moderate to low magnitude. Ten traits viz., number of secondary branches, number of free pegs, number of immature pods, number of mature pods, pod yield, kernel yield, number of kernels, 100 kernel weight, haulm weight and harvest index had moderate GCV in parental lines. The rest of the traits had low GCV in parents. In F2, seven traits viz., number of free pegs, number of immature pods, number of mature pods, pod yield, kernel yield, number of kernels and harvest index had moderate GCV, the remaining nine traits had low GCV estimates. The low or moderate values of GCV indicate the presence of little/moderate variability in parents and crosses for these traits. Though the EGA value for most of the traits were lower in F2, wide range of variability was expressed for all the sixteen traits except days to flower initiation and oil percentage in F2 population. This suggest that variability can be profitably exploited for the traits having moderate/high heritability in F2. Among all the traits studied the minimum variability was recorded for oil content and the maximum was recorded for number of immature pods. The results revealed that large number of intersubspecific/interspecific crosses and large scale artificial induction of mutation should be attempted to create large variability in various morphological and physiological traits, which may provide better platform to the breeder for selection. Oil content in groundnut has polygenic Inheritance, The transgressive segregation in F2 reveals the predominant involvement of additive genes in the expression of this trait. Pod beak had monogenic inheritance. Pod constriction was governed by three non allelic genes or their interaction with plasmon. The testa colour had tetragenic inheritance where two basic gene D1D1D2D2 were responsible for pigment production the conversion of pigment to purple or rose colour depends on two pairs of dominant (Pr & T) genes of which Pr had inhibitory effect on T. Testa variegation was governed by two pairs of non allelic dominant genes (V1V1V2V2) having complementary effect.
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