STUDY ON PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF RABI JOWAR IN KURNOOL DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH
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Date
2022-12-22
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Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur
Abstract
The current study entitled “study on production and marketing of Rabi jowar
in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh” was undertaken to examine Kharif, Rabi and
overall compound growth rates of area, production and productivity of jowar. To
estimate costs and returns and to assess the resource use efficiency in cultivation of
Rabi jowar. To identify different channels of marketing and to realize the efficient
channel for marketing of Rabi jowar in Kurnool district and to evaluate the
perception of farmer’s in production of Rabi jowar.
The major jowar producing states are Maharashtra, Karnataka, Gujarat,
Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh. In Andhra Pradesh the purpose of selecting
Kurnool district was, because of its highest area and production under Rabi jowar
when compared to other districts. Selection of mandals and villages was made based
on the criterion of maximum area under Rabi jowar. Probability proportionate
sampling was employed to select the number of farmers from the selected villages
and the total sample constitutes to 120. The selected villages were B. palli,
Hussainapuram, Tangutur and Nandavaram in Banaganapalli, Koilakuntla,
Peddakoperla, chinnakoperla and vallampadu in Koilakuntla, P. chintakunta,
Kotakandukur, Allagadda and Bathaluru in Allagadda. The data regarding marketing
of Rabi jowar was collected from commission agents, wholesalers cum processors
and retailers. Both primary and secondary data was collected and considered in the
study. Data required for the study were collected from various unpublished and
published sources. The data for calculating growth rates covered a period of 18
years commencing from 2000-01 to 2017-18.
Growth rates of Rabi jowar in India and Kurnool district were negative for
area and production and positive in case of productivity, increase in yield was
observed because of application of fertilizers, irrigation and use of high yielding
varieties. The growth rates of area, production and productivity were significant in
Kurnool district. In Andhra Pradesh all growth rates of Rabi jowar were positive.
Human labour is the most influencing component among various factors
involved in the production process. The total cost of cultivation of Rabi jowar per
hectare was calculated as ₹ 53,657.14. Among the total costs 75.42 per cent was
xi i i
occupied by variable costs and remaining 24.57 per cent was occupied by fixed
costs. Cultivation cost of Rabi jowar according to cost concepts were calculated and
they were, cost A1₹35066.94, cost B1₹35919.14, cost B2₹47169.14, cost C1
₹42404.14, cost C2 ₹53654.14 and finally cost C3 ₹59019.55. Gross returns from per
hectare of Rabi jowar was ₹78,000 and net return was ₹24,342.86. Farm income
measures were worked out per hectare of Rabi jowar. The farm business income was
worked out as ₹42933.06. Family labour income and farm investment income were
₹30830.86 and ₹31082.65 respectively. When Returns per rupee of investment were
worked out they stood at 0.41. The independent variables included in the function
expressed above 76 per cent of variation in the production of sorghum output on the
farms considered. The production elasticity of seeds remained non-significant which
is not the same in case of other independent variables. The MVP/MFC ratios
indicate that human labour was underutilized, tractor power was over utilized,
fertilizers were over utilized and pesticides were underutilized.
Three marketing channels were identified in the marketing of Rabi jowar in
the study area. Total costs incurred in channel-I, channel-II and channel-III were
₹199, ₹ 254 and ₹ 278 respectively. Producer share in consumer rupee in channel-I,
channel-II and channel-III were 88.08 per cent, 86.96 per cent and 84.49 per cent
respectively. Channel-I was most efficient for marketing Rabi jowar in the district.
The major constraint faced by the farmer’s during cultivation of Rabi jowar was
inadequate and untimely rainfall during the period of harvesting (76.33), the second
constraint was high wage rate (66.32), the third constraint faced by the farmer’s was
high rate of fertilizers and pesticides (55.72). The major constraint faced by the
farmer’s during marketing was lack of storage facilities (78.32), which resulted in
distress sale. Second constraint faced by the farmer was difficulties in transportation
(64.31), due to this reason farmer was forced to sell his produce in the village at low
prices. Third constraint faced by the farmer was unstable prices (59.75), jowar
fetches less price during post harvest period due to high arrivals of produce to
market and later it increases.
Description
STUDY ON PRODUCTION AND
MARKETING OF RABI JOWAR IN
KURNOOL DISTRICT OF ANDHRA
PRADESH