Effect of elevated carbon dioxide, temperature, plant secondary metabolites on biology and molecular diversity of melon fruit fly Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett (Diptera: Tephritidae)
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Date
2014-06-10
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UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU
Abstract
Climate change may lead to expansion or intensification of damage to cucurbit groups by
melon fruit fly. Global warming may also impact management practices which are
currently being practiced against melon fruit fly in cultivated ecosystems. Therefore,
biological studies under elevated temperature and CO2 levels were carried out in the
laboratory. As the temperature increased beyond 240C the mortality of melon fruit fly
increased from 19.07 % at 240C to 100 % at 360C. Melon fruit fly exhibited almost
normal growth and development at 240C. Levels of elevated carbon dioxide (380 and 570
ppm) did not elicit varied response to melon fruit fly growth and development. In a given
cucurbit vegetables and varieties, levels of phenols, tannins, sugars and proteins
significantly influenced in rendering the resistance or susceptible. Phenols and tannins
assist the cucurbit fruits in defending against the attack of melon fruit fly while sugars
and proteins make it vulnerable for the cucurbits to fruit fly damage. Estimates on
activity of antioxidant enzymes viz., POD, SOD, PAL and CAT revealed that high
activity in chow chow and bottle gourd did not support the growth and development of
melon fruit fly. For instance, in chow chow, the peroxidase activity increased two folds
from healthy (6.14 μmoles min-1mg protein) to affected fruits (11.33 μmoles min-1mg
protein) and exhibited increased peroxidase activity of 252% more activity compared to
snake gourd with only 84.13% increase. The SOD showed increased activity of 39.16%
from healthy to apparently healthy fruits compared to only 10.52% increase in snake
gourd which is highly susceptible. Similarly, increased PAL activity of 389% more in
apparently healthy fruits compared with healthy fruits and only 17.61% increase was
observed in snake gourd. In contrary to the above enzymes, the maximum decrease in
catalase activity was observed in chow chow i.e. 56.62% compared to snake gourd which
showed increased activity of 7.75%. Molecular diversity of melon fruit fly populations
are genetically heterogenous across different climatic zones of Karnataka. This indicted
that, further studies involving ITS markers are essential for detecting differences among
genetically different populations. Such studies are essential as they provide crucial
information for developing management practices in different agroclimatic zones.
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