Genetic variability analysis of Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes of North East hill region of India using morphological characteristics and SSR Markers
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Date
2020-10
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College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, CAU-Imphal, Umiam
Abstract
Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) (2n=2x=12) belonging to Fabaceae family is the sixth most important leguminous crop in India. The world production of faba beans is 4.3 Million tons from total cultivated area of 2.55 Million hectares. It is popularly knowns as Kala Matar and Bakla (Hindi) and Hawai- mubi (Manipur). In India, the potential of this crop is not fully utilized. It is grown in small area, in states of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Manipur and Nagaland. In North Eastern Hill region of India, it is mainly cultivated as winter season crop and it gives better yield when grown as intercrop with maize. In India, diverse genetic variability of this crop is naturally presented. Therefore, the present study was undertaken with 21 genotypes including two check varieties (Pusa Udit and Pusa Sumeet) collected from different districts of Manipur, Nagaland and Meghalaya using different morphological traits and 30 SSR markers. Highly significant variation was observed among the genotypes for all traits except Biological yield. The highest GCV and PCV percentage was recorded for the traits of 100 seed weight, seed yield/plant, Harvest Index. Shannon Diversity Index (SDI) showed maximum diversity for the trait of biological yield (2.846) and minimum for harvest index (0.773). From dendrogram, cluster A (5) & cluster B (16) number of genotypes formed in morphological studies. Genetic distance showed maximum of 9 and minimum of 2. Based on molecular work, the genetic variability was assessed with 30 SSR primer pairs, while 15 primer pairs showed polymorphic bands from 2 to 3 alleles per locus. The results showed highest PIC, major allele frequency, observed heterozygosity, gene diversity for the 15 markers as 0.558, 0.905, 0.762 and 0.571 respectively. Genetic distance among the genotypes ranged from 4 to 34. From dendrogram, cluster A (6) & cluster B (15) number of genotypes formed in molecular studies. From analysis of molecular variance, source of variation was higher among the individuals within population (72%). Significant and positive correlation was exhibited between the genetic distance of morphology traits and molecular markers. These results indicated that faba bean genotypes used in the study have a narrow genetic basis.