Heterosis, combining ability, stability analysis and protein profiling in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)
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Date
2009-10
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Present investigation was carried out during kharif, 2007, spring-summer 2007 and 2008 at the vegetable research center of GBPUA&T, Pantnagar. Eleven genotypes were evaluated for stability and out of these 11 genotypes 6 selected ones were crossed in diallel fashion. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. During sprin-summer 2007 crosses were made and evaluated in kharif, 2007 and spring-summer 2008. The observations were recorded on 8 characters viz., plant height, days to 50% flowering, pods per plant, pod length, seeds per pods, seed yield per plant, 100 seed weight, insect incidence and virus incidence. The data was subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. Further, seed protein profiling of nine cowpea genotypes were done using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The pooled analysis of variance in stability analysis showed the significant difference among the genotypes for all the characters under study. For seed yield per plant IT-97K-1042, IT-98K-1111, IT-98K-452 and Pusa Komal were the most desirable genotypes showing their stability over a wide range of environments. Similarly, IT-82D-889 also showed higher yielding capacity but under high yielding environment. Two genotypes namely, Pusa Komal & Arka Garima exhibited greater stability for pods per plants and IT-82D-889, IT-97K-1042, Pusa Komal & Arka Garima were found stable for the character seeds per pods. Analysis of variance for combining ability revealed that GCA and SCA mean squares were highly significant for all the characters except virus incidence. For the parents, the GCA mean squares were larger in magnitude than SCA mean squares. The parents identified as promising were IT-98K-205 (plant height, days to 50 per cent flowering, pods per plant, insect incidence and virus incidence), IT-97K-1042 (pods per plants, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant, virus incidence and insect incidence). IT-93K-452 X Pusa Komal and IT-93K-452 X Swarn Harita were early flowering crosses as compared to their parents. The crosses found promising for pods per plants were IT-93K-452 X IT-98K-1111, IT-93K-452 X IT-98K-205 and IT-97K-1042 X IT-98K-1111; for pod length IT-98K-1111 X Pusa Komal , IT-98K-205 X Pusa Komal , IT-97K-1042 X IT-98K-205 and for seeds per pods IT-98K-1111 X Pusa Komal, IT-98K-205 X Pusa Komal , IT-93K-452 X Pusa Komal having high sca effect. For seed yield per plant IT-97K-1042 X IT-98K-1111, IT-98K-205 X Pusa Komal and IT-98K-205 X Swarn Harita were found best combinations. On the basis of standard heterosis, it can be concluded that heterosis breeding would be advantageous for the improvement of cowpea for yield and its quantitative traits. The crosses IT-97K-1042 X IT-98K-1111, IT-98K-205 X Pusa Komal and IT-97K-1042 X Pusa Komal were best heterotic crosses for seed yield as they demonstrated highly significant heterosis, over standard cultivar Pusa Komal. These crosses can be utilized for commercial exploitation of heterosis for getting maximum yield. Nine genotypes were distinguished into 7 groups on different banding pattern on 4 zones. The UPGMA analysis showed that there were two major groups consisted of I megagroup (IT-93K-452, IT-97K-1042, IT-98K-205, IT-98K-1111, IT-82D-889) and II megagroup consisted of Pusa Komal, Arka Garima, Local and Swarn Harita. The highest protein content was reported in IT-97K-1042 (30.46%) followed by IT-98-1111 (27.22%). These lines could be used in breeding programme for increasing protein content of local cultivars.
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