Studies on morphometric, production and reproduction performance of red kandhari cattle in marathwada region
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Date
2017-05-30
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Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani
Abstract
The present study entitled "Studies on Morphometric, Production and
Reproduction Performance of Red Kandhari Cattle in Marathwada Region" was
undertaken on Red Kandhari cattle in the breeding tract i.e. Nanded, Latur, Hingoli,
Parbhani and Beed districts of Marathwada region in Maharashtra state. The present
work was intended to study the body measurements and body weight of Red Kandhari
cattle at various stages of growth for different sex (male and female) at different locations
in the breeding tract and also to study the production, reproduction, colour pattern and off
type characteristics.
The overall LSM at 0-3 months of Red Kandhari for body weight, chest
girth, body length, height at wither, belly girth, height at hip bone, length of body at
trunk, face measurement, tail length, ear length, fore legs length and hind legs length
were 51.65 ± 0.62 kg, 73.44 ± 0.51 , 63.13 ± 0.44, 71.56 ± 0.58, 76.45 ± 0.50, 72.19 ±
0.56, 60.36 ± 0.28, 23.70 ± 0.19, 37.88 ± 0.62, 18.66 ± 0.22, 58.90 ± 0.31 and 38.05 ±
0.17cm, respectively. The sex and districts showed non-significant effect on all the traits
for Red Kandhari cattle at 0-3 months of age. The overall LSM at 4-6 months of Red
Kandhari for body weight, chest gi rth, body length, height at wither, belly girth, height at
hip bone, length of body at trunk, face measurement, tail length, ear length, fore legs
length and hind legs length were 114.15 ± 1.09 kg, 107.25 ± 0.53, 95.64 ± 0.68, 96.03 ±
0.45, 113.47 ± 0.52, 97.87 ± 0.45 , 72.68 ± 0.44, 34.22 ± 0. 17, 60.91 ± 0.16, 19.14 ±
0.13, 70.12 ± 0.36 and 42.78 ± 0.14 em, respectively. The sex showed significant
(P<O.O 1) effect on body weight and non-significant effect on rest of the traits, whereas
districts showed significant (P<0.05) effect on body weight and non-significant effect on
rest of the traits, respectively for Red Kandhari cattle at 4-6 months of age. The overall
LSM at 7-12 months of Red Kandhari for body weight, chest girth, body length, height at
wither, belly girth, height at hip bone, length of body at trunk, face measurement, tail
length, ear length, fore legs length and hind legs length were 132.02 ± 1.21 kg, 114.53 ±
0.5 1, 103.66 ± 0.73, 100.75 ± 0.56, 12 1.71 ± 0.50, 104.42 ± 0.56, 77.99 ± 0.54, 36.43 ±
0.24, 65.98 ± 0.23, 20.44 ± 0.13, 73.88 ± 0.41 and 44.50 ± 0.14 em, respectively. The sex
showed significant (P<O.O I) effect on body weight and non-significant effect on rest of
the traits, whereas districts showed non-significant effect on all the traits, for Red
Kandhari cattle at 7-12 months of age. The overall LSM at 13-24 months of Red Kandhari
for body weight, che t gi rth, body length, height at wither, belly girth, height at hip bone,
length of body at trunk, face measurement, tail length, ear length, hom length, fore legs
length and hind legs length were 195.12 ± 1.92 kg, 147.36 ± 0.67, 118.73 ± 0.92, 119.84
± 0.47, 155.46 ± 0.68, 124.44 ± 0.57, 94.64 ± 0.55, 46.20 ± 0.17, 80.82 ± 0.33, 23.31 ±
0.11 , 6.32 ± 0.08, 86.04 ± 0.30 and 51.10 ± 0.19 em, respectively. The sex showed
significant (P<O.O 1) to significat (P<0.05) effect on most of the traits, whereas districts
showed significant (P<O.O 1) influence on body weight and non-significant effect on rest
of the traits, for Red Kandhari cattle at 13-24 months of age.
The overall LSM at 25-36 months of Red Kandhari for body weight,
chest girth, body length, height at wither, belly girth, height at hip bone, length of body
at trunk, face measurement, tail length, ear length, hom length, fore legs length and hind
legs length were 236.93 ± 1.73 kg, 158.44 ± 0.51, 132.56 ± 0.67, 129.76 ± 0.37, 168.31
± 0.49, 133.17 ± 0.36, 107.12 ± 0.40, 48.69 ± 0.14, 90.00 ± 0.32, 24.25 ± 0.08, 9.56 ±
0.09, 91.26 ± 0.24 and 54.39 ± 0.25 em, respectively. The sex showed significant
(P<O.O 1) effect on body weight, height at wither and height at hip bone and significat
(P<0.05) effect on length of body at trunk and non-significant effect on rest of the traits,
whereas districts showed significant (P<O.Ol) on body weight, chest girth and belly girth
and non-significant effect on rest of the traits, for Red Kandhari cattle at 25-36 months of
age. The overall LSM at more than 36 months of age of Red Kandhari male for body
weight, chest girth, body length, height at wither, belly girth, height at hip bone, length
of body at trunk, face measurement, tail length, ear length, hom length, fore legs length
and hind leg length were 302.92 ± 1.73 kg, 178.27 ± 0.46, 143.94 ± 0.51, 141.24 ±
0.39, 194.07 ± 0.54, 144.97 ± 0.39, 111.45 ± 0.29, 56.36 ± 0.16, 99.06 ± 0.20, 26.09 ±
0.10, 16.02 ± 0.24, 97.18 ± 0.16 and 55.72 ± 0.10 em, respectively. The districts showed
significat (P<0.05) to highly significant (P<O.O 1) effect on body weight, chest girth, body
lenght and belly girth, whereas non-significant effect on rest of the traits, for Red
Kandhari male at more than 36 months of age. The overall LSM at more than 36 months
of age of Red Kandhari female for body weight, chest girth, body length, height at
wither, belly girth, height at hip bone, length of body at trunk, face measurement, tail
length, ear length, hom length, fore legs length and hind legs length were 297.02 ± 2.42
kg, 164.55 ± 0.38, 142.69 ± 0.68, 144.06 ± 0.71, 177.98 ± 0.39, 148.91 ± 0.66, 102.18 ±
0.10, 49.52 ± 0.14, 96.83 ± 0.19, 24.94 ± 0.07, 18.75 ± 0.18, 86.29 ± 0.16 and 52.89 ±
0.12 em, respectively. The districts showed significant (P<O.Ol) effect on body weight,
whereas non- ignificant effect on rest of the trai ts, for Red Kandhari female at more than
36 months of age. The overall LSM of Red Kandhari Breeding bull for body weight,
chest girth, body length, height at wither, belly girth, height at hip bone, length of body
at trunk, face measurement, tail length, ear length, hom length, fore legs length and hind
legs length were 343.90 ± 9.39 kg, 185.63 ± 2.30, 157.15 ± 3.25, 149.64 ± 2.71 , 195.62
± 2.08, 154.56 ± 2.59, 108.67 ± 1.78, 56.45 ± 0.99, 99.34 ± 0.58, 27.64 ± 0.44, 12.71 ±
0.99, 96.87 ± 0.82 and 55.55 ± 0.84 em, respectively. The districts showed significant
(P<O.Ol) effect on body weight, chest girth and belly girth and significat (P<0.05) effect
on body length, whereas non-significant effect on rest of the traits, for Red Kandhari
Breeding bull. The body weight at all the age groups were positive and highly correlated
with height at withers, chest girth and body length. Similarly, the different body
measurements at all the age groups also indicated positive and highly significant
correlations between each other; except at 25-36 month age (Female) group chest girth
and body length were non significant and positive correlations with height at withers.
The overall least square means for lactation milk yield (LMY) of Red
Kandhari cattle was recorded as 417.28 ± 1.09 kg. The estimated effect of district D 1, D2,
0 3, 0 4, and 0 5 on LMY for Red Kandhari cattle as 416.77 ± 1.76, 415.59 ± 1.79, 412.10
± 1.64, 420.09 ± 2.0 I and 422.84 ± 3.17 kg, respectively. The estimated effect of colour
pattern C 1 and C2 on LMY for Red Kandhari cattle as 417.99 ± 1.31 and 416.56 ± 1.40
kg, respectively. The estimated effect of season S1, S2. S3 and S4 on LMY for Red
Kandhari cattle as 371.82 ± 2.62, 400.22 ± 2.47, 476.20 ± 1.42 and 420.86 ± 1.35 kg,
respectively. The districts showed significat (P<0.05) effect and colour showed nonsignificant
effect, whereas season showed highly significant (P<0.01) effect on LMY in
Red Kandhari cattle, respectively. The overall least square means for peak milk yield
(PMY) of Red Kandhari cattle was recorded as 2.63 ± 0.01 kg. The estimated effect of
district D1 , D2, 0 3, 04, and 0 5 on PMY for Red Kandhari cattle as 2.70 ± 0.02, 2.70 ±
0.02, 2.58 ± 0.02, 2.54 ± 0.02 and 2.60 ± 0.03 kg, respectively. The estimated effect of
colour pattern C1 and C2 on PMY for Red Kandhari cattle as 2.63 ± 0.01 and 2.62 ± 0.01
kg, respectively. The estimated effect of season S1, S2, S3 and S4 on PMY for Red
Kandhari cattle as 2.68 ± 0.03, 2.52 ± 0.02, 2.65 ± 0.01 and 2.65 ± 0.01 kg, respectively.
The districts, colour and season showed non-significant effect on PMY in Red Kandhari
cattle, respectively. The overall least square means for days to reach peak milk yield
(DRPMY) of Red Kandhari cattle wa recorded as 39.48 ± 0.09 days. The estimated
effect of district 0 1, D2, 0 3, 0 4, and 0 5 on DRPMY for Red Kandhari cattle as 38.62 ±
0.15, 39.47 ± 0.15, 40.32 ± 0.13, 40.25 ± 0.16 and 38.74 ± 0.26 days, respectively. The
estimated effect of colour pattern C1 and C2 on DRPMY for Red Kandhari cattle as 39.54
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± 0.12 and 39.42 ± 0.11 days, respectively. The estimated effect of season S 1, S2. S3 and
S4on DRPMY for Red Kandhari cattle as 40.05 ± 0.22, 39.00 ± 0.20, 39.94 ± 0.12 and
38.93 ± 0.11 days, respectively. The districts, colour and season showed non-significant
effect on DRPMY in Red Kandhari cattle, respectively. The overall least square means
for lactation period (LP) of Red Kandhari cattle was recorded as 242.64 ± 0.46 days. The
estimated effect of district 0 1, 0 2, 0 3, D4, and 0 5 on LP for Red Kandhari cattle as
238.29 ± 0.74, 245.33 ± 0.76, 245.20 ± 0.69, 248.50 ± 0.85 and 235.91 ± 1.34 days,
respectively. The estimated effect of colour pattern C1 and C2 on LP for Red Kandhari
cattle as 242.66 ± 0.56 and 242.63 ± 0.59 days, respectively. The estimated effect of
season S1, S2. S3 and S4on LP for Red Kandhari cattle as 239.83 ± 1.11 , 242.80 ± 1.04,
246.49 ± 0.60 and 241.46 ± 0.57 days, respectively. The districts showed highly
significant (P<O.O l) effect, whereas colour and season showed non-significant effect on
LP in Red Kandhari cattle, respectively. The overall least square means for dry period
(DP) of Red Kandhari cattle was recorded as 180.79 ± 0.56 days. The estimated effect of
district D 1, 0 2, 0 3, 0 4, and 0 5 on DP for Red Kandhari cattle as 178.52 ± 0.91, 178.87 ±
0.93, 183.74 ± 0.85, 179.64 ± 1.04 and 183.18 ± 1.64 days, respectively. The estimated
effect of colour pattern C1 and C2 on DP for Red Kandhari cattle as 180.68 ± 0.68 and
180.90 ± 0.72 days, respectively. The estimated effect of season S1, S2. S3 and S4on DP
for Red Kandhari cattle as 185.81 ± 1.35, 183.16 ± 1.27, 176.55 ± 0.73 and 177.65 ±
0.70 days, respectively. The districts and colour showed non-significant effect, whereas
season showed significant (P<0.05) effect on DP in Red Kandhari cattle, respectively.
The overall least square means for age at puberty (AP) of Red
Kandhari cattle was recorded as 883.16 ± 0.83 days. The estimated effect of district D1 ,
0 2, 0 3, 0 4, and 0 5 on AP for Red Kandhari cattle as 885.63 ± 1.35, 878.82 ± 1.38,
878.04 ± 1.26, 886.53 ± 1.54 and 886.78 ± 2.43 days, respectively. The estimated effect
of colour pattern C1 and C2 on AP for Red Kandhari cattle as 883.04 ± 1.01 and 883.28 ±
1.08 days, respectively. The estimated effect of season S 1, S2. S3 and S4 on AP for Red
Kandhari cattle as 878.48 ± 2.01, 891.97 ± 1.89, 883.81 ± 1.09 and 878.37 ± 1.03 days,
respectively. The districts showed highly significant (P<O.Ol) effect and colour showed
non-significant effect, whereas season showed highly significant (P<O.O 1) effect on AP in
Red Kandhari cattle, respectively. The overall least square means for age at first estrus
(AFE) of Red Kandhari cattle was recorded as 1236.96 ± 1.67 days. The estimated effect
of district D1 , D2, D3, D4, and 0 5 on AFE for Red Kandhari cattle as 1238.51 ± 2. 72,
1238.61 ± 2.77, 1244.58 ± 2.53, 1235.41 ± 3.09 and 1227.71 ± 4.89 days, respectively.
The estimated effect of colour pattern C 1 and C2 on AFE for Red Kandhari cattle as
1237.69 ± 2.03 and 1236.24 ± 2.16 days, respectively. The estimated effect of season S1,
S2. S3 and S4on AFE for Red Kandhari cattle as 1256.59 ± 4.04, 1243.33 ± 3.80, 1210.19
± 2.19 and 1237.75 ± 2.08 days, respectively. The districts showed highly significant
(P<O.Ol) effect and colour showed non-significant effect, whereas season showed highly
significant (P<O.Ol) effect on AFE in Red Kandhari cattle, respectively. The overall least
square means for age at first calving (AFC) of Red Kandhari cattle was recorded as
1529.61 ± 1.71 days. The estimated effect of district D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5 on AFC for
Red Kandhari cattle as 1533.43 ± 2.77, 1530.72 ± 2.82, 1528.31 ± 2.58, 1531.56 ± 3.16
and 1524.06 ± 4.98 days, respectively. The estimated effect of colour pattern C1 and C2
on AFC for Red Kandhari cattle as 1528.86 ± 2.07 and 1530.37 ± 2.20 days,
respectively. The estimated effect of season S1, S2. S3 and S4on AFC for Red Kandhari
cattle as 1525.78 ± 4.12, 1553.08 ± 3.88, 15 10.28 ± 2.23 and 1529.32 ± 2.12 days,
respectively. The districts and colour showed non-significant effect, whereas season
showed highly significant (P<0.01) effect on AFC in Red Kandhari cattle, respectively.
The overall least square means for service period (SP) of Red Kandhari cattle was
recorded as 139.92 ± 0.66 days. The estimated effect of district D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5 on
SP for Red Kandhari cattle as 132.90 ± 1.07, 140.22 ± 1.10, 145.69 ± 1.00, 145.20 ±
1.22 and 135.59 ± 1.93 days, respectively. The estimated effect of colour pattern C1 and
C2 on SP for Red Kandhari cattle as 139.72 ± 0.80 and 140.13 ± 0.85 days, respectively.
The estimated effect of eason S1, S2. S3 and S4on SP for Red Kandhari cattle as 140.60
± 1.60, 145.93 ± 1.51, 139.92 ± 0.87 and 133.23 ± 0.82 days, respectively. The districts
showed hi ghly significant (P<O.O l) effect and colour showed non-significant effect,
whereas season showed highly significant (P<O.O 1) effect on SP in Red Kandhari cattle,
respectively. The overall least square means for gestation period (GP) of Red Kandhari
cattle was recorded as 283.49 ± 0.23 days. The estimated effect of district D1 , D2, D3, D4,
and D5 on GP for Red Kandhari cattle as 283.88 ± 0.38, 283.98 ± 0.39, 283.25 ± 0.35,
282.93 ± 0.43 and 283.42 ± 0.68 days, respectively. The estimated effect of colour
pattern C1 and C2 on GP for Red Kandhari cattle as 283.60 ± 0.28 and 283.39 ± 0.30
days, respectively. The estimated effect of season S1, S2, S3 and S4 on GP for Red
Kandhari cattle as 285.04 ± 0.57, 280.01 ± 0.53, 283.07 ± 0.31 and 285.86 ± 0.29 days,
respectively. The districts, colour and season showed non-significant effect on GP in Red
Kandhari cattle, respectively. The overall least square means for inter calving period
(ICP) of Red Kandhari cattle was recorded as 423.42 ± 0.61 days. The estimated effect
of district D1, D2, 0 3, D4, and 0 5 on ICP for Red Kandhari cattle as 416.78 ± 0.99,
424.20 ± 1.01, 428.94 ± 0.92, 428.14 ± 1.13 and 419.02 ± 1.78 days, respectively. The
estimated effect of colour pattern C1 and C2 on ICP for Red Kandhari cattle as 423.31 ±
0.74 and 423.52 ± 0.79 days, respectively. The estimated effect of season S1, S2. S3 and
S4 on ICP for Red Kandhari cattle as 425.64 ± 1.47, 425.94 ± 1.39, 422.99 ± 0.80 and
419.09 ± 0.76 days, respectively. The districts showed highly significant (P<O.Ol) effect,
whereas colour and season showed non-significant effect on ICP in Red Kandhari cattle,
respectively.
The Correlations for productive characters in Red Kandhari cows
revealed that LMY is positively correlated and highly significant with PMY and LP,
whereas negatively correlated and highly significant with DRPMY and DP. The PMY is
positively correlated and highly significant with LP, whereas negatively correlated and
highly significant with DRPMY and DP. The DRPMY is positively correlated and highly
significant with DP, whereas negatively correlated and highly significant with LP. The
LP is negatively correlated and highly significant with DP. The Correlations for
reproductive characters in Red Kandhari cows revealed that AP is positively correlated
and highly significant with AFE, AFC and SP, whereas negatively correlated with GP
and ICP. The AFE is positively correlated and highly significant with AFC, SP and
positively correlated with ICP, whereas negatively correlated with GP. The AFC is
positively correlated and highly significant with SP, positively correlated with GP,
whereas negatively correlated with ICP. SP is positively correlated with GP and ICP,
whereas GP is negatively correlated with ICP.
The total percentage of colour variation in the breeding tract of Red
Kandhari cattle was Dark Red (38.99), Brick Red (57.20) followed by Black Shades on
NST i.e. Neck, Shoulder and Thigh (3.80). The total percentage of off-type characters in
the breeding tract of Red Kandhari cattle i.e. Mixture of Red and White colour (MRW),
Absence of Black Rings around eyes and hoofs (ABR), Red Hairs in the Switch of tail
(RHS), Lqose skin (LS), Pendulous Dewlap (PD), Heavy Sheath (HS), Long Drawn
Mouth (LDM), Roman Arched Face (RAF), Inclination of Hump to the Side (IHS), Red
Eye Lashes (REL) and Carroty Hooves, Horns and Muzzle (CHM) in Red Kandhari
cattle in the breeding tract were 6.96, 5.08, 2.27, 0.39, 1.27, 0.39, 1.14, 0.48, 0.17, 2.54
and 4.11 , respectively.
On the basis of the results it can be concluded that The effect of district
was found significant to highly significant on body weight in all Red Kandhari cattle age
group, except 0-3 months in both sex. The effect of district was found significant to
highly significant on chest girth and belly girth in 25-36 months age group in both the
sex and chest girth, body length and belly girth in > 36 month male and breeding bull
group of animals. Hence it is concluded that geo-ecological situations of surveyed area
and management practices followed there plays an important role on physical
measurements parameters of Red Kandhari cattle. The effect of sex was found highly
significant on most of body measurements and body weight in Red Kandhari cattle at 13-
24 and 25-36 age groups. Hence it is concluded that the transitional phase of attaining
puberty which regulates reproductive life. The effect of district was found significant to
highly significant on lactation milk yield (LMY) and lactation period (LP), whereas the
effect of season found highly significant on lactation milk yield (LMY) and significant
on dry period (DP). Hence it is concluded that the management practices, available water
and feed resources and climatic condition followed there plays an important role on
productive performance of Red Kandhari cattle. The effect of district and season were
found highly significant on age at puberty (AP), service period (SP). Hence it is
concluded that the management practices, available water and feed resources and
climatic condition followed there plays an important role on reproductive performance of
Red Kandhari cattle. The colour pattern observ.ed in Red Kandhari Cattle were Brick red
colour pattern was found predominant followed by Dark red and Black shades on Neck,
Shoulder and Thigh region. The off type characteristics i.e. mixture of red and white
colour (MRW) was recorded highest percent in population followed by absence of black
rings around eyes and hoofs (ABR), carroty hooves, horns and muzzle (CHM), red eye
lashes (REL), red hairs in the switch of tail (RHS), long drawn mouth (LDM), pendulous
dewlap (PO), heavy sheath (HS), roman arched face (RAF), loose skin (LS) and
inclination of hump to the side (IHS). To maintain the genetic purity of Red Kandhari
cattle, in future it is needed to plan breeding strategy for conservation of Red Kandhari
cattle at farmers I breeders herd level in Marathwada region. Formation of "Breed
Society and Registration of Herds" is essential in future.
Description
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