Characterization of bread wheat genotypes for morpho-physiological traits and sucrose synthase activity in relation to heat tolerance
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Date
2019-08
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
The present investigation was conducted during rabi, 2018-19 with two dates of sowing, 3/12/2018 (D1-early late) and 25/12/2018 (D2-late) at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, Pantnagar. The lab work for estimation of sucrose synthase (SuSy) activity was done in Wheat
Research Laboratory by collecting seed sample from the experimental field at physiological maturity stage. The study included the following objectives: (i) To determine the various morpho-physiological traits associated with heat tolerance; (ii) To estimate various variability parameters; (iii) To estimate genetic diversity among different genotypes for heat tolerance; (iv) To estimate the amount of sucrose synthase activity in different wheat lines. The experimental material of the study consisted of 160 BISA Core set bread wheat genotypes along with 4 checks, HD 2967, WH 1105, PBW 343 and Agra Local. The experiment was carried out in Augmented Block Design-II. Observations were recorded on 19 characters on plant/ plot basis, three random plants were tagged to record the observations. The analysis of variance revealed that there was wide range of variation among the genotypes for different characters. In the present study the GCV and PCV in both the sowings ware found to be moderate for number of productive tillers/m biological yield/m, grain yield/plot, canopy temperature depression I and II, however these were low for days to 75% heading, days to anthesis, days to maturity, plant height, spike length, spikelets/spike, grains/spike and grain weight/spike. The GCV was observed moderately high for 1000 kernel weight, harvest index and normalized difference vegetative index-I, II, III and CTD-I & II, which indicates that there exists possibility of improvement of genotypes through these characters. The diversity among these genotypes was analysed by the Hierarchial cluster analysis method. The clusters were ranked based on the overall score for all the 19 traits. Accordingly, in D1 cluster V with 3 genotypes ranked first with overall score of 7, and in D2 cluster 1 with single genotype indicating presence of most promising genotype, which can be extensively used for further breeding programmes to generate new breeding material. After assessing the sucrose synthase activity in BISA Core set bread wheat germplasm. it was confirmed that there existed significant variation for its activity among the genotypes. The lines BISA 9, 40, 120, 142, 152 have higher SuSy activity and have moderate to higher thousand kernel weight and high grain yield. Therefore, it implies that the SuSy activity significantly contributes towards the grain yield and hence these genotypes possess higher SuSy activity have higher heat tolerance capacity.
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