STUDIES ON MANAGEMENT OF CANINE MAMMARY TUMOURS WITH DENDRITIC CELL THERAPY
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Date
2016
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Publisher
AAU, Anand
Abstract
The present study was carried out with multiple objectives to standardize the
treatment protocol for dendritic cell therapy for mammary gland tumours, to study the
safety and tolerability of dendritic cell based therapy for the treatment of mammary
gland tumour in dogs, and to evaluation of efficacy of dendritic cell therapy in dogs.
Twenty three cases of canine mammary tumours were studied in detail. The
highest occurrence of canine mammary tumour cases was found in the dogs aged 8 to 12
years (47.82 %) followed by those aged 4 to 8 years (39.13 %). It was least (8.69 %) in
older dogs above 12 years and intermediate (4.30 %) in younger dogs less than 4 years
of age. Breed wise higher occurrence was found in German Shepherd and Labrador
Retriever as compared to other breeds.
Cases of mammary tumours were observed only in females (100 %). There was
an increasing frequency of canine mammary tumour from cranial thoracic to inguinal
pairs with the highest incidence in caudal abdominal (41.17 %) and the least in caudal
thoracic pair (2.94 %). Out of the 23 bitches, 95.65 per cent were intact and others were
neutered.
Radiography of thorax was performed to diagnose tumour metastasis in lung. It
revealed absent of metastases in all the cases. Ultrasonography revealed size,
irregularities of margins as well as echogenicity of mammary tumour masses with
vasculature, helping to differentiate their nature and clinical significance.
Haematobiochemical parameters did not show any remarkable variation in the cases of
mammary tumours.
Dendritic cells immunotherapy (Group 1) was performed in 8 cases. After one
month of completion of therapy, size of tumour mass was increased gradually in four
cases, in three cases growth remained constant in size and in one case it disappeared.
Results of MTT assay and IFNG+ indicated that DC therapy potentiate CMI response in
this group of animals. Surgical removal of mammary tumour (Group 2) was performed
in 7 cases with good success and recurrence was noticed 2 months later in one case.
Surgery followed by DC immunotherapy (Group 3) was performed in 8 cases. After
completion of therapeutic protocol every case recovered uneventfully and no recurrence
was observed. Data of MTT assay and IFNG+ indicated that DC therapy potentiate CMI
response in this group of animals. Based on result, Surgery followed by DC therapy
group was proved good compared to immunotherapy group and surgical group.
Histopathology of selected 12 cases and FNAB of selected 6 cases of canine
mammary tumours studied, 10 (55.55 %) cases were confirmed as benign mammary
tumours like Cystic papillary adenoma, Benign mixed mammary tumour, Papillary
fibroadenoma, Chondro fibro adenoma and Intra ductal papilloma, while 8 (44.44 %)
were malignant mammary tumours like Papillary adenocarcinoma, Malignant
myoepithelioma, Solid carcinoma and Malignant mix tumour.
From the above study it can be concluded that DC therapy was observed to be
safe and well tolerated in all animals without any adverse effects or toxicity. Study
provided novel insights on the benefit of DC based cellular immunotherapy for
managing mammary tumours in canines. Further studies to improve the therapeutic
efficacy of DC therapy in canines are required in the future.
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Keywords
veterinary science, surgery, radiology, study