PATHOLOGY OF GASTROINTESTINAL AFFECTIONS IN BOVINE CALVES
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Date
2016-07-25
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CSKHPKV, Palampur
Abstract
Calfhood diseases have a major impact on the economic viability of cattle operations. The present study was conducted to investigate the pathology of gastrointestinal affections and to identify the major bacterial and parasitic etiologic factors responsible for gastrointestinal affections in calvesbyevaluation of necropsy and clinical samples. Out of 40 dead calves received for necropsy, 23 calves showed mild to severe enteritis and two cases hadconcurrent parasitic infestation due to Moniezia sp. Out of 23 cases of enteritis, 2 (8.70%), 17 (73.91%) and 4 (17.39%) cases showed enteritis, pnuemoenteritis and enteritis associated with other diseases, respectively. The histopathological changes in small intestine were infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages, eosinophils in lamina propria and hyperemia of vessels. MNC infiltration was the prominent feature in all enteritis cases. In four cases submucosal edema was present. The villi exhibited variable changes including distortion, fusion and thickening. Lymph nodes showed mild lymphoid depletion in lymphoid follicles. Analysis of faecal samples revealed that out of 80 isolates in clinical and necropsy cases, E.coli, Citrobacter andSalmonella present in 80%, 18.75% and 1.25%, respectively. Isolation from 25 necropsycases showed presence of E.coli. A total of 20 E. coli isolates from necropsy cases were confirmed and serotyped for ‘O’ antigen from Central Research Institute, Kasauli. In diarrhoeic calves the prevalence of serotypes O89 and O120 were highest. A total of four serotype of O89 and three of O120 followed by two serotype of O9 and one each serotype of O119, O63, O88, O15, O118, O49 and O35 besides three untypeable and one rough. Disk diffusion test was used to check sensitivity of isolates from both clinical and necropsysamples. Cloxacillin was found most resistant drug while amoxy-sulbactum, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin were most effective drugs against the E.coli isolates. A total of 16 blood samples from diarrhoeic cases were analysed for total and differential leukocyte count, out of these four cases showed drastic increase in immature neutrophil count.Examination of 82 faecal samples shows three(3.65%)Strongyloidsspp, two(2.44%) Amphistomes sp. and four (4.82%) Eimeria spp.positive cases. PCR screening of the 23 faecal samples from necropsy cases for group A rotaviruswas found negative. In conclusion overall incidence of enteritis was 57.5%with highest numberin winters.
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