POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT OF BANANA ANTHRACNOSE (Colletotrichum musae Berk. & Curt.) 2848
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Date
2019-06
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jau,junagdh
Abstract
Banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) is one of the most important fruit crops in the tropical and sub tropical regions. Banana is suffer from many post harvest diseases among them anthracnose (Colletotrichum musae Berk. & Curt.) is most widely distributed and economically important disease of banana fruits causing severe damage and huge loss in quantity and quality of fruits.
Anthracnose is field as well as post harvest disease. Infection started from field but noted in fruits as latent infection. The infected banana fruits showed peel blemishes, black or brown sunken spots on fruits. The spots bears masses of light pinkish conidia and sometimes in severely infected fruits salmon coloured acervuli also appear.
The pathogen was isolated by tissue isolation technique and further the culture was identified as Colletotrichum musae Berk. & Curt. Based on its cultural and morphological characters. The pathogenicity test of the fungus was proved by following Koch’s postulates. Three artificial inoculation methods were used for proving the pathogenicity, among them pin prick injury method was found more efficient then cork borer wounding and tooth brush injury methods.
During the survey, maximum disease intensity was found in fruit stock of retailers (13.03%) and highest mean disease intensity (21.36%) was observed during monsoon.
The study on cultural and morphological characters of C. musae indicated that it produces whitish mycelium which later turns light pinkish in colour with masses of
conidia. Sometimes several black, acervulus like structure also developed on old culture plates. Conidia were hyaline, thin walled, oblong, cylindrical with round ends and oil droplet in the middle.
Under in vitro evaluation of biocontrol agents, Trichoderma harzianum gave maximum growth inhibition (69.10%) of C. musae. Among the various phytoextracts, garlic clove extract gave maximum inhibition (65.28%) of test pathogen. Whereas, cinnamon oil gave maximum (74.55%) mean growth inhibition of C. musae over the rest.
Looking to the efficacy of different fungicides groups, mancozeb 75% WP (non-systemic) at 1000 ppm, carbendazim 50% WP (systemic) at 50 ppm and carbendazim 12% WP + mancozeb 63% WP (combination product) at 100 ppm were found most effective and gave cent per inhibition of pathogen.
Under the fruit dip treatment of all best in vitro treatments, minimum (11.54%) per cent disease intensity (PDI) was recorded in carbendazim 12% WP + mancozeb 63% WP at 0.05% concentration with minimum weight loss (9.31%) and highest shelf life (10 days). Whereas, organic control methods, essential oils, non poisonous chemicals and hot water treatment, the minimum PDI was recorded in cinnamon oils at 0.1 per cent (36.87%), calcium chloride at 4% (4.28%) and hot water treatment at 50º C for 20 min (29.18%).
Total sugar and total phenol, both of these bio-chemicals were decrease as anthracnose disease progress on banana fruits. But the total sugar and total phenol content in fruits treated with various treatments were higher as compared to infected fruits.