MINIMAL INVASIVE PERCUTANEOUS CYSTOSTOMY USING PAEDIATRIC SUPRAPUBIC CATHETERS FOR MANAGEMENT OF URETHRAL OBSTRUCTIONS IN TOM CATS
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Date
2023-03-23
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COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES MANNUTHY, THRISSUR, KERALA VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY
Abstract
The study was conducted with the objective of standardising the technique of minimal invasive percutaneous cystostomy using paediatric suprapubic catheters for management of urethral obstructions in tom cats. Twelve clinical cases of urethral obstruction in tom cats presented to University Veterinary Hospitals of Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University at Kokkalai and Mannuthy during a period of twelve months from October 2021 to September 2022 were selected for the study. The prevalence of urethral obstruction was found to be more in uncastrated Persian breed of cats with age of one to two years. All cats had history of being fed with dry commercial diet, lowered water intake and living in indoor. The stress factors identified were inter-cat conflict, fear, relocation, presence of guests and change in owner’s routine. Cases that had unsuccessful transurethral catheterisation were subjected to minimal invasive percutaneous cystostomy after initial stabilisation. The technique of minimal invasive percutaneous cystostomy demanded distended tensed palpable bladder that was secured firmly in mid ventral abdominal region for trocarisation after careful muscle separation. Controlled trocarisation, introduction of catheter, quick filling of catheter balloon and removal of peel away sheath ensured immediate relief in blocked cats. The complications in the technique were bleeding, chances of through and through puncture of bladder wall and iatrogenic injury to catheterwhile applying stay sutures. The study also identified minor post-operative complications like seepage of urine from incision site, stay sutures loosening and dislodgement of catheter. Average days taken for regaining urethral patency was 17 days and catheters were removed after gaining urethral patency. Out of 12 cases under study, nine animals regained urethral patency. Urinalysis revealed haematuria, proteinuria and leukocyturia and microscopic examination revealed presence of struvite cast in 50 per cent of animals. This study revealed that minimal invasive percutaneous cystostomy with paediatric suprapubic catheter was effective for management of urethral obstruction in tom cats with intact distended bladder.