Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Green Sulphur and Silver Nanoparticles Against Foliar Fungal Pathogens of Greengram
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Date
2018-06
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University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
Abstract
In this study, synthesis of sulphur nanoparticles (SNPs) and silver nanoparticles
(AgNPs) were attempted using pomegranate peel, aril and periwinkle leaf extract at the
College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. Reduction
process in SNPs synthesis was assisted by addition of citric acid with sodium
thiosulphate. Reduction process in AgNPs was done from AgNO3 by exposure to
microwaves at 800 W for 90 sec. Change in the colour from colourless to dull white
precipitate in SNPs and colourless to dark brown in AgNPs indicted the formation of
nanoparticles.
SNPs showed mean diameter of 61.1 - 83.4 nm in Particle Size Analyser (PSA)
and shape was confirmed as spherical to irregular by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)
and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). AgNPs showed absorbance peak of 420 -
435 nm by UV-visible spectrophotometer, with mean diameter ranging from 46.8 - 81.8
by PSA and spherical in shape was confirmed by AFM and SEM.
Characterised SNPs and AgNPs did not inhibit mycelial growth of
Colletotrichum truncatum in food poison technique. However, they influenced the
sporulation of C. truncatum. AgNPs at 3 ppm completely inhibited the germination of
conidia of C. truncatum. Pomegranate aril based SNPs at 1000 ppm recorded the least
PDI (7.15) which is on par with wettable sulphur @ 3000 ppm (6.48) and hexaconazole
(8.52). AgNPs at 50 ppm completely inhibited the development of Cercospora leaf spot
and anthracnose in glasshouse experiment. SNPs showed phytotoxicity at 5000 ppm and
AgNPs at 500 ppm. Further sodium thiosulphate and AgNO3 showed phytotoxicity at
1500 and 169 ppm respectively. Pomegranate aril based SNPs against powdery mildew
and pomegranate peel based AgNPs against Cercospora leaf spot and anthracnose, were
effective in management at 1,000 and 50 ppm respectively under glasshouse condition.