Genetic analysis of fruit yield, component and quality traits in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
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Date
2023-03-05
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CSK HPKV, Palampur
Abstract
The present investigation entitled “Genetic analysis of fruit yield, component and quality traits in tomato (Solanum
lycopersicum L.)” was carried out at Vegetable Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science and
Floriculture, CSKHPKV Palampur with the objectives to study the nature and magnitude of gene action of fruit
yield, component and quality traits of triple test cross progenies, and to identify the potential parents and cross combinations on the basis of combining ability and heterosis in tomato. The experimental material comprised of 24
triple test cross hybrids derived by mating 08 lines with three testers namely 12-1, Palam Pride and their single
cross F1 (12-1× Palam Pride). 24 cross combinations, 11 parents along with standard check- 1 (Avtar) were
evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications during summer-rainy season of 2021.
Tester F1 i.e.12-1× Palam Pride was identified as promising cross combination at CSKHPKV, Palampur during the
past years and was also used as standard check -2 for the estimation of standard heterosis. Susceptible checks
(Punjab Chhuhara and Roma) were included at every 11th row alternatively to ensure the presence of uniform
distribution of bacterial wilt disease inoculum. The observations were recorded on five competitive plants marked
at random in each entry over the replications on different quantitative traits viz. plant survival on the basis of
bacterial wilt disease incidence, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to first harvest, average fruit weight (g), fruit
shape index, pericarp thickness (mm), total fruits/plant, marketable fruits/plant, marketable yield/plant (kg), total
yield/plant (kg), locules/fruit, plant height (cm), duration of fruit harvest (days). Data were recorded on some
visual traits fruit shape, fruit colour, fruit shape at pedicel area, fruit shape at blossom end and blossom end scar.
Biometrical analysis was done for the characters TSS (0Brix), ascorbic acid (mg/100g), lycopene content
(mg/100g), titrable acidity, dry matter content, pH content, moisture content, carotenoid content (mg/100g) and
TSS- AR ratio. Epistasis was discovered to be a crucial component of genetic variation for majority of the traits
including marketable fruit yield/ plant. Epistasis has been found to be invariably present for all the examined
attributes except days to first harvest. Both (i) and (j+l) type of interactions were significant for days to 50 per cent
flowering, plant height, total fruits/ plant, gross yield/ plant, marketable fruits/ plant, marketable yield/ plant,
locules per fruit, pericarp thickness, fruit length, fruit shape index, TSS, titrable acidity, carotenoid content, dry
matter content, moisture content and TSS-AR ratio.Additive component was more pronounced than dominance
component for all the traits except pericarp thickness, locules per fruit, dry matter content and moisture content.
Degree of dominance was in the range of incomplete dominance for all the traits except pericarp thickness, locules
per fruit, dry matter content and moisture content. Genetic variance revealed from triple test cross progenies can be
exploited by intermating selected individuals in early segregating generations with delayed selection in later
generations, diallel selective mating/biparental mating or recurrent selection followed by pedigree method to
exploit both additive and non-additive components as well as epistasis. Line × tester analysis revealed the
preponderance of non-additive gene effects for most of the traits viz. days to 50 per cent flowering, days to first
harvest, duration of fruit harvest, plant height, fruit length, fruit width, fruit shape index, pericarp thickness,
locules/fruit, total fruits/plant, marketable fruits/plant, total yield/plant, TSS, ascorbic acid content, titrable acidity,
pH, carotenoid content, dry matter content, moisture content and TSS-AR ratio while additive gene effects for
marketable yield per plant. Lines DPT 4 and DPT 1 were found to be good general combiners for most of the
traits. The cross-combinations DPT 1×12-1, DPT 1× Palam Pride, DPT 4×12-1 and 2015/TOINVAR-4×12-1
exhibited high heterosis, SCA and per se performance for majority of traits, therefore were rated as potential
crosses. As a result, it would be helpful to exploit tomato hybrids, particularly those that showed high SCA in the
current study for the development of hybrids.