Growth, yield and quality of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) as influenced by nitrogen levels
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Date
2013
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Publisher
CCSHAU
Abstract
The experiment was carried out at the Student Farm of CCS HAU, Hisar for two consecutive
kharif seasons of 2011 and 2012. The field was laid out in a split plot design following the block
randomization system with three replications. Four sorghum varieties (HC 541, HC 308, HC 171 and
HJ 513) and five nitrogen levels (0, 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg N ha-1) were taken in the main plots and
subplots, respectively. All varieties did not have a significant influence on the phenological growth (Germination, complete tillering, 50% flowering, seed setting and physiological maturity). However, nitrogen application had a significant effect on the phenological growth. All growth parameters viz. Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf index, leaf area duration, dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate, were significantly affected by variety and nitrogen application. The growth parameters increased significantly with increasing levels of nitrogen. Similarly, yield attributes such as number of tillers plant-1, number of panicles plant-1, panicle length, number of grains panicle-1 and 1000 grain weight as well as grain, straw, and biological yield were significantly influenced by variety and nitrogen application. Increasing levels of nitrogen led to an increase in all the yield attributes and yield. Application of 100 kg N ha-1 gave the highest grain (1973 and 1950 kg ha-1), straw (18086 and 19347 kg ha-1) and biological (20060 and 21298 kg ha-1) yield in both years, respectively. Varieties did not have a significant effect on harvest index whereas the application of nitrogen had significant effect among nitrogen rates. The application of 100 kg N ha-1 gave better results among all the nitrogen
levels.
The application of nitrogen had a significant effect on the quality parameters. NPK content
and uptake both in grain and straw and total uptake and crude protein content increased with increasing
levels of nitrogen. The agronomic optimum nitrogen rate (AONR) and economic optimum nitrogen
rate (EONR) were found to be more than 100 kg N ha-1. The EONR was 143.1, 144.4, 139.3 and 131.5
kg N ha-1 for HJ 541, HC 308, HC 171 and HJ 513, respectively. The nitrogen rate 100 kg ha-1 resulted
into the highest net returns and BC ratio. Variety HJ 513 produced the highest yield, net returns and BC
ratio with application of 100 kg N ha-1.
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Keywords
Plasmids, Bacteria, DNA, Cloning, Genes, Genetic processes, Antibiotics, Animal husbandry, Enzymes, Biological phenomena