Spatio-temporal water spread mapping of various lakes in Nainital district of Uttarakhand using GIS and satellite data
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Date
2019-05
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Surface water has been using regularly for drinking purpose as well as for agriculture, domestics and industrials uses. Hence, identification and mapping of waterbodies may be important to estimation of water quantity, changes detection, flood estimation and so on. In this study, mapping of water spread areas of Nainital Lake, Bhimtal Lake, Sattal Lake and Naukuchiatal Lakes have been studied. All lakes are situated in Nainital District of Uttarakhand State of India. To study the water spread areas for duration of 17 years from 2001-02 to 2017-18 of these lakes, Landsat-8 OLI and Landsat-7 ETM satellites have been used. To calculating areas of the studied lakes, each study year has been divided into three periods such as October to February, March to June and July to October. Water spread areas of all lakes have been calculated based on the 4 water indices namely NDWI, MNDWI, WRI and NDVI. To know the performance of these water indices and accuracy analysis physically GPS survey of all lakes has been conducted. Based on this GPS survey, WRI has been determined most accurate water index and based on this correct areas of all lakes has been calculated. To know the trend in water spread areas, Mann-Kendall test has been used to know the trend and San’s slope estimator test has been used to calculating magnitude of trend and percentage changes in water spread areas of all studied lakes. The depth of the lakes has been measured also at 10 different location for each lake and based on these 10 depths average depth of all lakes has been determined in pre-monsoon season of year 2019. After knowing the depths and areas of all lakes volume of water for all lakes has been calculated. This type of study, may be very helpful in state like Uttarakhand where physical mapping is difficult due to tough topography.
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