Studies on the Wilt Complex Disease of Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp)
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Date
2023
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SKUAST Kashmir
Abstract
Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. udum is the most devastating disease in pigeon pea. The typical symptoms of the disease appear in plants as gradual or sudden withering and drying of green plant parts exactly as if they were suffering from drought, even though there may be plenty of water in the soil. The present investigation entitled as “Studies on the wilt complex disease of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp)” was carrried out to identify the resistant genotypes against Fusarium wilt and in vitro evaluation of different fungal bioagents isolated from different host crops for management of disease under invitro conditions using pot culture method. In present investigation, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. udum was found an associated pathogen with wilt disease of pigeon pea. To identify resistant genotypes against Fusarium wilt, a set of 25 genotypes of pigeon pea was screened under epiphytotic condition at FoA Wadura during Kharif, 2022. The disease incidence of 25 pigeon pea genotypes was recorded at two stages viz., seedling and reproductive stage. Under epiphytotic conditions, 4 genotypes were resistant , 12 genotypes were moderately resistant , 2 genotypes were tolerant ,7 genotypes were moderately susceptible at seedling stage. Where as, at reproductive stage 4 genotypes were resistant , 5 genotypes were tolerant , 9 genotypes were moderately susceptible , 7 genotypes were susceptible. At seedling stage, majority of the genotypes were resistant where as, at reproductive stage majority of the genotypes appeared to be susceptible. In vitro evaluation of biocontrol agents revealed that all the fungal biocontrol agents tested in in vitro significantly inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. udum, over untreated control but among them ten were found most efficient viz., Penicillium digitatum (27.80mm) followed by Trichoderma atroviridae (28.20mm), Penicillium digitatum (28.70mm), Penicillium polonicum (29.63mm),Trichoderma harzianum (29.77mm), Trichoderma afroharzianum (29.80mm), Penicillium digitatum(29.87mm), Trichoderma harzianum (29.90mm), Trichoderma longibrachiatum (30.23mm), Trichoderma viridae (30.27mm) and caused highest inhibition of the test pathogen. Significantly the maximum pecent inhibition i.e. (69.11 %) was recorded in case of Penicillium digitatum followed by Trichoderma atroviridae (68.67 %) and so on. In in vitro management of the disease in pot culture experiment under greenhouse condition,out of ten bioagents Penicillium digitatum and Trichoderma atroviridae were found most effective antagonists and recorded least wilt incidence i.e., (20.67%) & (28.33%) as against 100 per cent wilt in untreated control, significantly highest wilt reduction was recorded with the application of Pencillium digitatum (79.33%), followed by Trichoderma atroviridae (71.67%).
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Keywords
Antagonism, Biocontrol, Epiphytotic, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium wilt, Genotypes, In vitro, Management, Pigeon pea, Resistant, Plant Pathology.