Androgenesis mediated induction of haploid from Oryza sativa L. x Oryza glaberrima Steudt. derivatives
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Date
2021-09-29
Authors
KRITESH, THAKUR
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Palampur
Abstract
The present investigation entitled “Androgenesis mediated induction of haploid from Oryza sativa
L. x Oryza glaberrima Steudt. derivatives” was conducted at Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding.
Combining the best traits of O. sativa and O. glaberrima by interspecific hybridization may be harnessed
to develop pre-breeding material. Keeping this in view seven diverse genotypes viz. PB-3, Pusa 1121, and
Kasturi (Basmati rice), HPR 2612 (Aromatic rice ), HPR 2795 (Red rice), HPR 2373 (Normal rice) and
Matali (Japonica rice) were crossed with O. glaberrima to study hybridization potential and callus
induction through anther culture. Among crosses of O. sativa x O. glaberrima, the highest number of seed
set and crossing percentage was observed, when pollination was done between 9 to 10 A.M. Among the
genotypes, the highest crossing percentage was observed in variety HPR 2795 followed by PB-3 indicating
that O. glaberrima had better chances of crossing between Indica red rice and Basmati rice as compared to
Japonica rice. In anther culture studies, 2.2% callusing was observed in cold pretreated anthers as
compared to 0.06% callusing in mannitol pretreated anthers indicating that cold pretreatment of anthers is
more effective than mannitol treatment. Among crosses, F1’s of Matali x O. glaberrima showed the highest
percent of callusing when anthers were placed in N6 and modified N6 medium. Hence, the Japonica
variety showed the highest response to anther culture as compared to other genotypes. Modiefied N6
medium was found to be more suitable for callus induction. However, none of the callus regenerated into
plantlets as after 4 weeks the callus turned brown and then black. Based on mean performance, highest
grain yield/plant was observed in red rice variety, HPR2795 followed by HPR 2373 and among crosses,
Matali x O. glaberrima showed the maximum grain yield/plant followed by HPR 2612 x O. glaberrima.
High heritability coupled with high genetic advance and high PCV and GCV was recorded for iron
content, magnesium content, L/B ratio and grain yield /plant indicating that there is substantial variability
ensuring ample scope for improvement for these traits through selection. Grain yield/plant had positive and
significant correlation with plant height, total tillers/plant, effective tillers/plant and grain breadth.
Improvement in grain yield/plant can be obtained by improving these characters. On the basis of SSR
markers, 12 genotypes were clustered into 2 major groups I and II comprising 5 and 7 genotypes,
respectively. O. glaberrima and RB-7 were the most diverse genotypes showing genetic dissimilarity on
molecular basis. So, they can be used as potential parents for crossing with other genotypes